明前中期延绥镇长城沿线屯垦的兴衰  

Prosperity and Decay of Cultivation along the Great Wall of Yansui Precinct in the Early and Middle Period of Ming Dynasty

作　　者：舒时光[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史地理研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2012年第20期10739-10745,10748,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然基金资助(40871087)

摘　　要：通过研究明朝前、中期延绥镇长城沿线屯垦,得出其发展的时间特征:洪武时期缓慢恢复—永乐至宣德时期部分地段初步垦殖—正统至成化初期缓慢发展—成化中至弘治中兴盛—正德至隆庆中荒废;空间特征是:屯垦的北界由腹里州县—界石—"二边"长城—"大边"长城逐步北移。影响明朝前、中期延绥镇长城沿线屯垦发展的主要因素是地理条件和战争破坏,其中前者是根本原因,后者是重要影响因素。明代延绥镇长城沿线屯垦对毛乌素沙地南侵的影响不大,自然原因可能是根本原因。Through the research on the cultivation along the Great Wall of Yansui Precinct in the early and middle period of Ming Dynasty,some temporal features and spatial characteristics are found.Temporal features are shown as： slow restoration during the Hongwu reign（1368-1398）,development in the part of some areas in Yongle and Xuande reign（1399-1435）,slow development from the Zhengtong reign to the ninth year of Chenghua reign（1436-1473）,prosperity from the mid-Chenghua reign to the mid-Hongzhi reign（1474-1505） and decay from the Zhengde reign to mid-Longqing reign（1506-1571）.The spatial feature is the mobility of the cultivation boundary to the north from southern counties,＂Jieshi＂,the Inner Great wall（＂Erbian＂） to the Outer Great wall（＂Dabian＂）.It is also found some influential factors,such as geographic conditions and destruction of the war on the development of cultivation along the Yangsui Precinct,of which geographic conditions are the basic causes and war is the significant factor.Cultivation along the Great Wall of Yansui Precinct in Ming Dynasty exerts less influence on the Mu Us Desert southernization and the natural reasons are the fundamental ones.

关 键 词：明朝前中期 延绥镇 屯垦 时空分布 沙漠化 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学]