北洋政府时期陆军武器装备制式化问题初探  

On the Problem of Weapons Standardization in the Period of Northern Warlords Government

作　　者：白剑光[1] 张继红 

机构地区：[1]军械工程学院政治教研室,河北石家庄050003 [2]海军司令部军务部,北京100841

出　　处：《河北广播电视大学学报》2012年第3期16-19,共4页Journal of Hebei Radio & TV University

基　　金：军械工程学院基础部2010年科研基金项目<我国近代武器装备制式化研究>(JCB1002)

摘　　要：自洋务运动起,我国开始大规模引进和仿制西方"洋枪洋炮",开启了军队武器装备近代化的先河。由于缺乏有效统筹,各地生产和引进的"洋枪洋炮"样式驳杂,型号不一,严重影响了军队战斗力的提高。进入民国以后,这一问题依然存在,成为我国近代武器装备发展史上的一个严重弊端。北洋政府对此高度重视,采取了诸多措施,包括整顿和统一全国的军工生产,加强各地武器装备进口的统筹管理以及审慎确定武器装备制式、力求推广生产等,虽取得一定效果,但未能从根本上解决问题。主要原因在于军阀割据,全国武器装备的生产和进口难于统一;军工生产基础薄弱,技术落后,经费困难,军队武器装备不能自给;军制混乱、新旧参差,统属关系复杂,政府统筹管理难度加大。Since the Westernization Movement of the Qing Dynasty,China started large-scale introduction and imitation of Western guns and cannons,opening up a precedent of military weapons and equipment modernization.The lacking of effective co-ordination around the production and the introduction of guns and cannons with different styles and models seriously affected the increase of combat capabilities.When entering the period of the Republic of China,the problem remained a serious drawback in the development history of modern weapons and equipment. The Northern Government attached great importance to many measures,including rectification and unification of the country＇s military production,strengthening the co-ordinated management of import and the determination of the standardization,and striving to promote the production,which achieved some effect but failed to fundamentally solve the problem.The main reasons are： division of the country among the warlords,the ununification of production and import of weapons and equipment;the weak basis of military production,backward technology,financial difficulties,insufficient self-provision of military weapons and equipment; chaotic military system,mixed system of old and new,complex affiliation relationships,more difficult management of the government co-ordination.

关 键 词：北洋政府 武器装备 制式化 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学]