玉米强优势组合7个主要穗部性状在3种环境下的QTL分析  

QTL Analysis of 7 Main Ear Traits in 3 Environments in an Elite Cross of Maize(Zea mays L.)

作　　者：兰进好[1,2] 宋希云[1] 谢传晓[2] 李明顺[2] 张世煌[2] 李新海[2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院作物种质创新与品种改良实验室,青岛266109 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物遗传育种重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2012年第7期756-765,共10页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(No.2001AA211111);山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(No.6210W3)

摘　　要：玉米产量是遗传基础复杂的数量性状。利用玉米(Zea mays L.)单交种烟单 14 号杂交组合的 F1(Mo17×黄早四)自交后形成的 191 个 F2单株作为构图群体,构建了由扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)和简单重复序列(SSR)两种标记组成的遗传图谱。F2继续自交衍生的 184 个相应 F2∶3家系用于玉米 7 个穗部性状表型的田间鉴定。采用以混合线性模型为理论基础的复合区间作图法和配套软件 QTLmapper/V2.0,在 3个环境下共检测到 76 个穗部性状的数量性状基因座(QTL)。其中穗粒重、穗重、出籽率、穗长、秃尖长、穗粗和轴粗的 QTL 数目分别为 8、8、11、10、9、10 和 20 个。大多 QTL 仅在单一环境下被检测到,单个 QTL解释的表型变异率很低,仅有 5 个 QTL 的加性效应贡献率大于 10%,绝大多数 QTL 显性效应贡献率小于 1%。基因作用方式 29%的 QTL 为加性,47%为部分显性,11%为显性,13%为超显性。控制玉米穗部性状的 QTL 在染色体间分布不均匀,且呈现成簇分布、毗邻分布等特征。各个 QTL 位点上起增效和减效作用的等位基因在双亲间分布不均匀,两个亲本均可以提供增效或减效等位基因。本研究结果对于玉米高产分子育种中分子标记辅助选择(MAS)和亲本选配等问题具有启发和指导作用。Maize yield is quantitative trait with complex genetic basis. Used 191 F2 individuals derived from the cross Yandan14 of maize （Zea mays L.）, Mo17xHuangzao4 as genotype, the linkage map was constructed with simple sequence repeat （SSR） and amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） markers 184 corresponding F2：3 families were phenotyped for 7 main ear traits of maize in three environments. A mixed linear model approach and its software, QTLmapper/V2.0, were used to detect quantitative trait loci （QTLs） controling 7 ear traits. 76 QTLs in three environments, including 8 kernel weight per ear QTLs, 8 ear weight QTLs, 11 kemel product percent QTLs, 10 ear length QTLs, 9 bare tip length QTLs, 10 ear diameter QTLs and 20 axis diameter QTLs, were detected totally. Most QTLs were detected in only one environment. The phenotypic variation explained by single QTL was very small. There were only 5 QTLs with the phenotypic variation explained by additive effect of more than 10%, and most QTLs with the phenotypic variation explained by dominance effect of less than 1%. The percentage of 76 QTLs with the gene action model of additive, part dominance, dominance and over dominance were 29%, 47%, 11% and 13%, respectively. The QTLs of ear traits in maize had the distribution characteristics of not uniform, clustered and adjacent in chromosome. The increased-effect allele and the decreased-effect allel on these QTLs were not well-uniform between two parents. Any part could provide the increased-effect or decreased-effect allel. The results of this study will be heuristic and instructive for molecular marker assisted selection （MAS） and parent selection etc in high yield molecular breeding of maize.

关 键 词：玉米 穗部性状 分子标记 QTL 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]