南大西洋重点被动大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征对比  

Features of Major Passive Continental Margin Basins,South Atlantic Ocean

作　　者：汪伟光[1] 童晓光 张亚雄[3] 成克男 

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [2]中国石油与天然气勘探开发公司,北京100034 [3]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [4]中油测井技术服务有限责任公司,北京100083

出　　处：《中国石油勘探》2012年第3期62-69,7-8,共8页China Petroleum Exploration

基　　金：国家科技重大专项大型油气田与煤层气开发项目"全球剩余油气资源研究及油气资产快速评价技术"(2008ZX05028)

摘　　要：南大西洋两岸被动大陆边缘盆地受南大西洋的张裂和持续的漂移作用的控制,具有相同的区域构造演化背景,但是,由于南大西洋裂开的不对称性和不均衡性,两侧盆地的发育及含油气性又存在着差异。南美东岸油气主要集中于大坎普斯盆地,为典型的被动大陆边缘盆地,盆地发育阶段完整,包括前裂谷、裂谷、过渡和漂移4个阶段,各阶段特征明显,发育盐下和盐上含油气系统。而西非油气主要集中于下刚果盆地和尼日尔三角洲,下刚果盆地虽总体上与前者相似,但各成藏要素的发育与其差异仍然明显;并且,各演化阶段由南向北缩减,至西非中部尼日尔三角洲仅发育裂谷和漂移阶段,且以古近系—新近系含油气系统为主。通过着重探讨南大西洋两岸重点富油气被动大陆边缘盆地的形成演化特征及对油气成藏的控制作用,对比分析了各重点含油气盆地油气成藏特征,为中国石油企业在海外战略选区提供依据。The passive continental margin basins of South Atlantic Ocean,controlled by the rifting and persistent drifting of South Atlantic Ocean,shared the same regional tectonic evolution background.However,due to the asymmetry and imbalance of the opening of South Atlantic Ocean,the development and hydrocarbon potential of basins of both sides varied.The hydrocarbon of eastern South America concentrated in big-Campos basins,typical passive continental margin basins with integrated developing phases,including prerift,syn-rift,transitional and post-rift phases,and each phase had its own unique features,developing pre-salt and post-salt petroleum systems.Whereas,the hydrocarbon of West Africa focused in Lower Congo Basin and Niger delta.Although the integrated features of Lower Congo Basin looked alike the big-Campos basins,the discrepancies of accumulation elements were still obvious.Besides,from south to north,the evolution phases of basins descended.When coming to Niger delta in the middle of West Africa,the Niger delta only experienced syn-rift and post-rift phases,and was dominated by Tertiary petroleum system.This paper focused on the formation and evolution of the major petroliferous basins of South Atlantic Ocean and their control over hydrocarbon accumulation.The comparative study could be used as a guide to screening of strategic petroleum provinces overseas.

关 键 词：被动大陆边缘盆地 演化特征 油气地质 对比研究 西非 南美东部 南大西洋 

分 类 号：TE112[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]