噪声作业工人听力损伤与血压和高血压的相关性研究  

A study on the relat ionship between hearing impairment and blood pressure and hypertension in workers occupationally exposed to noise

作　　者：张维森 周浩[2] 肖吕武[2] 吴琳[2] 王致[1] 何国权[2] 罗晓丽[2] 

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院职业卫生评价检测中心,510620 [2]广州市职业病防治院职业健康监护中心,510620

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2012年第7期517-520,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广州市医疗卫生机构重点专科科研项目（2009-ZDi-07）

摘　　要：目的探讨噪声与血压、高血压的相关性及其年龄别特点。方法结合职业健康检查对157家工厂14537名噪声作业工人纯音听力和血压进行检测，以听力损伤作为累计噪声暴露量的替代指标，经年龄和性别分层后，分析听力损伤、接噪工龄与血压和高血压的相关性。结果调查对象以男性为主（占81．2％），多数在35岁以下（占77．8％），从事噪声作业不足5年（占73．6％）。听力异常率男性高于女性，且随年龄和接噪工龄的增加而增加；仅在男性〈35岁组发现，感音性聋者收缩压和舒张压明显升高，其中舒张压和高血压现患率均随接噪工龄的增加而增加；男性感音性聋者高血压患病风险显著增加，〈35岁组和≥35岁组OR分别为3．0（95％Ch1．5-6．1）和2．1（95％CI：1．2～3．4）。结论噪声致严重听力损伤与高血压有关，建议重点关注噪声对年轻作业者高血压的影响。Objective To study the correlation between noise and blood pressure and/or hypertension, and its age characteristic. Methods The pure tone audiometric and blood pressure examinations were performed in 14537 workers from 157 factories. Hearing impairment was used as a surrogate indicator of cumulated noise exposure. The associations of hearing impairment and duration of noise exposure with blood pressure and hypertension were analyzed respectively after age and gender stratification. Results Most of the objects were males （81.2 %）, younger than 35 years old （77.8 %）, and the duration of exposure to noise was less than 5 years （73.6 %）. The prevalence of hearing impairment in males was significantly higher than that in males, and increased with age and duration of noise exposure. Only in males with age younger than 35 years old, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of subjects with sensorineural hearing loss significantly enhanced, and the diastolic blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension increased with duration of noise exposure. The risk of hypertension in males with sensorineural hearing loss significantly increased, the odds ratios in subjects with age younger than 35 years old and with age older than 35 years old were 3.0 （95%CI： 1.5-6.1 ） and 2.1 （95%C1： 1.2-3.4）, respectively. Conclusion The severe hearing impairment induced by noise was associated with hypertension. It is suggested that people should pay attention to the effects of noise on hypertension in young workers.

关 键 词：工业噪声 听力损伤 高血压 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]