数控机床关键结构件的优化设计  

Optimization Design for Key Structural Components of CNC Machine Tools

作　　者：李初晔[1] 杨洁[1] 冯长征[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空制造工程研究所数控制造技术航空科技重点实验室,北京100024

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2012年第7期41-43,共3页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：高档数控机床与基础制造装备科技重大专项资助(2009ZX04004-101)

摘　　要：结构优化能综合处理并最大限度满足从不同角度提出的要求,实现减轻结构重量、保证结构刚度、降低应力水平、提高产品可靠性等多方面目标。针对一类高速数控龙门铣床关键结构件,为减小切削力下机床的变形,采用拓扑优化技术对机床主轴滑枕零件从轮廓形外形到加强筋的位置、厚度进行多层次优化。分析表明,拓扑优化后结构与原始结构相比,重量增加了3.6%,但变形减小了30%,固有频率提高了29%,通过优化既提高了机床的精度,也提高了机床的动态性能,优化效果非常明显。新产品开发中采用优化计算不但可以改变材料的分布,使好钢用在刀刃上,而且对创新设计思路起到极大的推动作用。Structural optimization can synthesize and satisfy the requirement suggested from different angles to achieve reduced structural weight,ensure structural rigidity as well as reduce stress and improve product reliability,and so on.For the key structural parts of high-speed CNC milling machine,in order to reduce the deformation under the cutting force,topology optimization was applied to optimize the spindle ram parts with multi-level from the location of the stiffener to the thickness.Analysis showed that the weight of the topology optimized structure was increased by 3.6% compared with the original structure,but deformation was decreased by 30% and the natural frequency was improved by 29%,which not only improved the accuracy of machine tools,but also improved the dynamic performance of machine tools with distinct optimization effect.In new product development,optimization can not only change the distribution of materials with the proper material being applied properly,which plays a great role in promoting innovative design ideas.

关 键 词：结构优化 铣床 切削力 变形 频率 精度 动态性能 

分 类 号：TH12[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]