生存资源与国际危机:第一次石油危机探析  

Survival Resource and International Crists:Analysis of the First Oil Crisis

作　　者：刘合波[1] 王黎[2] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学历史文化学院 [2]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《国际论坛》2012年第4期7-12,79,共6页International Forum

摘　　要：石油是世界各国必不可少的生存资源。1973年第四次中东战争期间发生的第一次石油危机,是阿拉伯国家利用西方严重依赖中东石油资源的有利形势,对支持以色列的美国等国家进行石油制裁而导致的国际危机。石油危机造成了西方联盟的分裂,在外交上孤立了美国。但石油危机并没有改变美国的外交政策,也没有达到阿拉伯国家的预期目的。美国利用推进中东和平作为反制筹码,最终促成了石油危机的解决。这场生存资源之战对阿以脱离接触问题产生了影响,在客观上推动了中东和平进程的发展。Oil is the indispensable survival resource for all the countries of the world.In fact,the First Oil Crisis which broke out during the Yom Kippur War was an international crisis.The Arab countries took advantage of the heavy reliance of the western countries on the oil resource in the Middle East and initiated sanctions against the countries like U.S.which supported Israel.The Oil Crisis caused the split of the western alliance and the isolation of the U.S.in diplomacy.But America's foreign policy was not changed by the Oil Crisis and the expected goal of the Arab countries was not achieved.The U.S.countered the sanction by advancing the peace process in the Middle East,and finally led to the ending of the Oil Crisis.The war for the survival resource influenced the Arab-Israeli disengagement and pushed the peace process forward.

关 键 词：生存资源 第一次石油危机 第四次中东战争 阿以冲突 

分 类 号：D51[政治法律—政治学]