试论魏晋隋唐时期的宗族政策  

A Discussion on the Clans Policy in Wei,Jin,Sui and Tang Dynasties

作　　者：马新[1] 齐涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学中国传统文化研究所,山东济南250100 [2]山东大学历史文化学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《史学集刊》2012年第4期3-12,共10页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划项目"中国古代乡村宗族研究"(01JA770059)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：魏晋南北朝时期,既是中古宗族势力发展的顶点,也是其由盛而衰的转折点。各王朝在巩固与发展的过程中,一方面虽然必须借助于宗族与士族势力的支持;另一方面,它们都与异己的宗族与士族势力进行着强力的较量,并开始清理宗族势力在乡村社会中的根基。就其宗族政策而言,魏晋以依托为主,南北朝以收拢为主;收拢之力度南不如北。至隋唐时期,旧式宗族逐渐消解,新式宗族开始登上历史舞台,隋唐王朝则从制度上完成了对宗族这一社会力量的有效分解与钳制。在隋唐宗族政策的冲击下,中古宗族的政治与军事功能逐渐消退,经济互助功能以及血缘凝聚力的效能与影响明显逊于前代,宗族威权发生蜕变,开始了向近古新型宗族的演进。The clan forces culminated in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and then began to decline. Though each dynasty had to gain support from the clans and aristocracy, they also battled these forces fiercely, and began to clean the foundation of the clans in rural society. As far as the clan policy is concerned, Wei and Jin Dynasties relied on clans, the Southern and Northern Dynasties attracted the clans. Clan of old style disappeared gradually in Sui and Tang Dynasties and new type of clan emerged. The clan forces had been controlled institutionally in Sui and Tang Dynasties, their political and military function faded gradually under this policy. In addition, their function of economic mutual assistance and blood cohesion was weaker than that of former dynasties. The authority of clans changed and began to evolve into new clan.

关 键 词：魏晋南北朝 隋唐 宗族政策 中古宗族 旧式宗族 新式宗族 士族 

分 类 号：K235[历史地理—历史学]