试论清末排满论者对满、汉同属黄种的“学理”回应  

The Intellectual Dispute about the Relations of the Manchu,Han and Yellow Race in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张晓川[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,讲师成都市610068

出　　处：《民族研究》2012年第4期59-67,109,共9页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"中外文化交流与近代中国的知识转型"(09&ZD070)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：清末十年,民族革命论者大力宣传其反满理论,或追述明清易代痛史,或强调夷夏之辨传统。与此同时,西方关于人种分类和民族判别的知识与方法已经传入中国,并为人接受,发生影响,尤其是在此基础上出现了包括满、汉在内的黄种理应团结以抗拒白种威胁之论。对此,排满论者也从西方传来之知识和方法出发,作出"学理"的回应,大抵有三种对策:单论满、汉问题,对黄种共同体避而不谈;以"历史民族"等概念否认黄种共同体论适用于满、汉问题;通过对黄色人种内部加以更细致的种族划分,强调满、汉之别。In the last decade of the Qing Dynasty,there was an outburst of sentiment against the Manchu's ruling.On the one hand,the revolutionary nationalists preached their anti-Manchu theories,by either arousing the bitter collective memory of the Ming-Qing transition,or maintaining the orthodox concept of the differentiation between the Hua and the Yi.On the other hand,the imported race and ethnicity theories from the West fermented into a 'yellow vs.white' discourse which called for an alliance between the Manchu and the Han.The anti-Manchu intellectuals responded to it through three strategies:first,to ignore the Yellow race in the 'Manchu vs.Han' issue;second,to disengage the Manchu from the Han by dealing with the 'nationality' issue from a historical perspective;third,to underline the distinction between the Manchu and the Han as the different subdivisions within the Yellow race.

关 键 词：清末 排满论 人种分类 黄种 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]