硝基苯在发泡镍阴极上电还原为对氨基苯酚  

Nitrobenzene Being Reduced to Paraaminophenol Through Electrolysis on Foamed Nickel Cathodes

作　　者：李保山[1] 牛玉舒[2] 翟玉春[3] 全明秀[1] 胡壮麒[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院金属研究所 [2]抚顺石油学院,辽宁抚顺13001 [3]东北大学冶金与材料学院,辽宁沈阳110006

出　　处：《石油化工高等学校学报》2000年第2期1-5,14,共6页Journal of Petrochemical Universities

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助课题! ( 5 98710 14 )

摘　　要：发泡镍具有三维的网状骨架结构 ,结构均匀 ,孔隙率高 ,通透性好 ,比表面积大 ,导电性能好 ,是一种理想的三维电极材料。以发泡镍为电化学反应器的阴极材料 ,研究了硝基苯电解还原制备对氨基苯酚。结果表明 :这些因素对对氨基苯酚的产率均有显著的影响。通过实验得到电解还原的较好条件为 :温度 80℃ ,硫酸介质浓度为 2 0 % (体积分数 ) ,硝基苯的正丁醇 2 0 % (体积分数 )溶液浓度 1.8mol/L ,氮气流速 75mL/min ,对尺寸为 5 0mm× 40mm× 12mm的阴极 ,电解电流为 4A。在此条件下 ,电解还原 2h ,对氨基苯酚的产率可达到 93 %以上 ,电流效率高于 91%。电解液经氨水中和、活性炭脱色、热过滤、重结晶、真空干燥等 ,得到了纯度高于Foamed nickel has a uniform structure with three-dimensional reticulation framework, with high void ratio, good liquid permeametry and big special furface area. It is a good conductor. So the foamed nickel is a kind of three-dimensional electrode material. The technical conditions of nitrobenzene being reduced to paraaminophenol on the foamed nickel cathodes are studied. The results indicate that paraaminophenol yield can run up to 93% and the current efficiency can run up to 91% for electroreduction two hours under the conditions of 80 ℃, 20% sulphuric acid medium, 1.8 mol/L nitrobenzene, 20% butanol solution, 75 mL/min nitrogen flow rate, and 4 A electrolysis current for the size of 50 mm×40 mm×12 mm cathodes. After electrolysis, the electrolyte was treated with ammonia, decolor of active carbon hot filtrate, re-crystal and vacuum dryness etc. The purity of paraaminophenol product is higher than 99%.

关 键 词：硝基苯 对氨基苯酚 电解还原 发泡镍 阴极 电极 

分 类 号：TQ246.35[化学工程—有机化工]