地铁火灾人员疏散性能化分析  

Performance Analysis on Evacuation in Subway Fire

作　　者：梁慧君 许文斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省消防局,辽宁沈阳110032 [2]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳100819

出　　处：《沈阳建筑大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第4期702-709,共8页Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51174046);国家自然科学基金项目(91024022);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(20102066)

摘　　要：目的研究地铁车站建筑结构的合理性与安全性以及应对地铁火灾的应急疏散策略可行性,为优化地铁车站的防火设计及建立合理的地铁车站火灾的应急疏散预案选择提供建议和依据.方法选取沈阳地区某岛式地铁列车车厢6 MW火灾作为研究对象,采用FDS+Evac软件对地铁火灾时温度场的发展、烟气的蔓延、能见度的变化等进行了模拟分析,同时分析了其对不同人员密度下人员疏散的影响.结果烟气温度、CO体积比、CO2体积比等在模拟时间600 s内均未达到人员耐受极限值,而烟气层高度和能见度已经对人员疏散产生了严重影响.当客流高峰时,人员密度较大,此时安全疏散时间超过6 min,不满足我国《地铁设计规范》GB50157-2003的要求.结论地铁列车火灾时,疏散楼梯附近人员长时间保持饱和的状态,易发生踩踏事故.必须采用适当的通风排烟措施,以充分保证各疏散楼梯处烟气层高度和能见度以满足人员疏散的要求.In order to optimize the fire protection design of the subway station and to provide advices for the establishment of the subway station fire emergency evacuation plan, the rationality and security of subway station building structure were researched dealing with the practicable subway fire emergency evacuation strategy. The 6 MW fire of Shenyang Island Subway Train compartment was selected as object to research. The development of the temperature field in the subway fire, the spread of smoke, visibility changes and e- vacuations under different density of people were analyzed with FDS ＋ Evac. The results indicate that the temperature of smoke, CO volume ratio and CO2 volume ratio do not meet the tolerance limits in the simula- tion time of 600s, thus the smoke layer height and visibility have a serious impact on evacuation. When the subway was at the peak of passenger flow, more than 6 min was taken for the passengers to evacuate, which does not meet the requirements of the Code for Design of Metro（ GB50157 - 2003 ）. When subway train was on fire, a saturated state maintained for a long time near staircases, which was prone to stampede. Measure- ments such as proper ventilation must be taken to guarantee the smoke layer height and visibility of staircases meeting the requirements of evacuation.

关 键 词：人员特性 地铁火灾 安全疏散 FDS+Evac模拟 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU967[建筑科学]