21世纪新疆土壤盐渍化调控与农业持续发展研究建议  

THE PROPOSAL ON CONTROL OF SOIL SALINIZING AND AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINING DEVELOPMENTN IN 21'S CENTURY IN XINJIAN

作　　者：田长彦[1] 周宏飞[1] 刘国庆 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]阿克苏水文水资源勘测大队,阿克苏843000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2000年第2期177-181,共5页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家 973项目 !(编号 :G19990 43 5 0 3 )

摘　　要：论述了新疆土壤盐渍化形成的地质、地貌、气候背景和土壤盐渍化现状 ,表明新疆的土壤盐渍化问题始终存在 ,绿洲的稳定性外受过渡带影响 ,内受土壤盐渍化的威胁。简述了新疆与国外盐碱土研究和改良的发展过程 ,分析了新疆在研究、改良和利用盐渍化土壤中存在的问题 ,并结合科学技术的发展 ,提出了新疆土壤盐渍化问题研究建议 :1)建立区域水盐监测体系 ;2 )区域水盐信息系统与次生盐渍化的测报技术研究 ;3)抗盐碱基因工程抗性育种与耐盐碱植物的抗性研究与开发利用 ;4)区域水盐平衡及水盐运动规律研究 ;5 )区域水盐调控技术研究。This paper clarifies the geology, the landforms, climate conditions of Xinjiang's soil salinizing and the status of salinized soil, expounds the existence of the problem of soil salinizing, and proposes that the oasis stability is affected by transitional zone outside and the soil salinization inside. In existing cultivated land, the area of 31.1% gets salt soda harm, in which strongly saline land take the 18% of saline alkali land, medium saline land take 33%, light saline land take 49%. 80% of salinity land belonged to the secondary saline land. Furthermore, the paper simplifies the development process of the salinized soil research and improvement in Xinjiang and the overseas, analyzes the salinizing question of research, improvement and usage. The main problems are: 1) saline soil gained from leaching and its secondary salinization under irrigation; 2) sodic harm; 3) impervious layer; 4) salinization of irrigating water; 5) enough of water resource accompany ample irrigation in the upper course, and shortage of water accompany irrigation with saline water in the lower course; 6) the application of new agricultural technology alleviates the harm of soil salt temporarily, but increase the regional centralized latent crisis that would happen suddenly; 7) lack of the research of salt resistance plant, etc. And finally proposes the suggestions of the following research: (1) finding the system of region water salt monitoring; (2) forming the information system and predicting of the secondary salinizing technically; (3) breeding of resistance gene project and the exploiting and studying of the salt resistant plant; (4) studying of the region water salt balance and the rule of water salt movement; (5) controlling of the region water salt technically.

关 键 词：盐渍化 调控 土壤盐渍化 农业发展 持续发展 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]