2003—2010年陕西省蓝田县新生儿乙肝疫苗接种效果和流行特征  

Effect of hepatitis B vaccination and epidemic characteristics of newborns in Lantian County of Shanxi from 2003-2010

作　　者：王军虎 

机构地区：[1]陕西省西安市蓝田县疾病预防控制中心,710500

出　　处：《职业与健康》2012年第11期1358-1360,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的通过对蓝田县新生儿乙肝疫苗接种效果分析,评价预防效果和接种前后流行特征变化,为今后制定预防对策提供依据。方法乙肝疫苗采用5μg"0、1、6"免疫程序对新生儿于出生后24 h内接种首针;对2003—2010年乙肝疫情进行分析,采用χ2检验、周期性检验、游程检验等方法处理数据,应用回顾性流行病学调查方法分析和评价。结果该县2003—2010年新生儿累计接种乙肝疫苗94 716人次,全程接种33 623人,首针及时接种率平均80.0%,由44.91%上升至99.27%,各年间差异有统计学意义(χ2=6 854.75,P<0.01)。3针全程接种率平均94.57%,由62.25%上升至99.78%,各年间差异有统计学意义(χ2=6 490.75,P<0.01)。实施新生儿乙肝疫苗接种前后,0～4岁组乙肝平均发病率分别为23.82/10万和9.39/10万(χ2=11.18,P<0.01);5～9岁组平均发病率分别为20.36/10万和5.89/10万(χ2=10.93,P<0.01);2组接种前后发病率差异均有统计学意义;发病率呈下降趋势,周期为2 a(P<0.01),<10岁儿童下降最明显。结论新生儿乙肝疫苗接种是降低人群乙肝发病率的重要策略。[Objective]By analyzing the effect of hepatitis B vaccination in newborns in Lantian County,to evaluate the preventive effect and changes of epidemic characteristics before and after vaccination,provide the basis for developing the preventive measures in future.[Methods]The newborns received the first dose of hepatitis B vaccination within 24 hours after birth by using 5 μg vaccination according to ＂0,1,6＂ immunity procedure.The data of hepatitis B from 2003-2010 were analyzed.χ2 test,period testing and Run test were applied on data processing.Analysis and evaluation were conducted with retrospective epidemiological method.[Results]During 2003-2010,a total of 94 716 person times were given hepatitis B vaccination in Lantian county,and 33 623 people completed the full course of immunization.The average timely vaccination rate of the first dose was 80.0%,which increased from 44.91% to 99.27%,and there was significant difference among different years（χ2=6 854.75,P0.01）.The average whole course vaccination rate was 94.57%,which increased from 62.25% to 99.78%,and there was significant difference among different years（χ2=6 490.75,P0.01）.Before and after hepatitis B vaccination in newborns,the average incidence of hepatitis B in 0-4 year-old age group was 23.82/lakh and 9.39/lakh respectively（χ2=11.18,P0.01）,that in 5-9 year-old age group was 20.36/lakh and 5.89/lakh respectively（χ2=10.93,P0.01）,and there were significant differences in incidence before and after hepatitis B vaccination between two age groups.The incidence of hepatitis B showed a downward trend,the cycle was 2 years（P0.01）,and the downward range in children under 10 years old was remarkable.[Conclusion]The hepatitis B vaccination in newborns is an important strategy for reducing the incidence of hepatitis B.

关 键 词：新生儿 乙肝疫苗 接种率 流行特征 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]