黑河流域森林生态系统湿热特征分析  

Characteristics of Temperature and Humidity in Forest Ecosystem of Heihe River Basin

作　　者：蒋冲[1] 王飞[1,2] 穆兴民[1,2] 赵云[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2012年第3期96-100,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"基于相同气候条件的人类活动对河流水沙影响定量评价:以黄土高原延河流域为例"(41171420);中国科学院水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金项目"北方旱区土壤水分遥感监测试验研究"(10502-Z12-9);中国科学院对外合作重点项目计划"渭河流域水环境问题综合治理对策"(GJHZ1018);中荷联合主题研究项目"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research"(OND1339291)

摘　　要：利用2008年黑河流域典型森林生态系统土壤和空气温湿度观测资料,分析了不同层次土壤和大气温度和湿度的变化特征。结果表明:(1)各层土壤温度在2—3月达到一年中的最小值,在7—9月达到一年中最高值,土壤温度周年变化幅度以及年最低温度随土壤深度的增加而递减。(2)表层土壤含水量受春季融雪和降雨影响较大,在8月中、上旬达到最高值;20—40cm土壤含水量对春季融雪响应较弱,80—120cm土壤含水量较为稳定,不受冻融交替影响。(3)从当年7月中旬至次年1月下旬,林地各层气温呈下降趋势,2月上旬至7月上旬呈上升趋势;距离地表近2m高度全年各月份气温略高于10m和24m高度,气温最高值和最低值分别出现在14:30和6:30左右。(4)4—6月林内湿度相对较低,7—10月相对较高,空气相对湿度最高值和最低值分别出现在22:00和11:30左右;10m和24m处空气相对湿度变化规律与2m处基本一致。Temperature and humidity characteristics of soil and air at different levels are analyzed based on the observed data of typical forest ecosystem of Heihe River basin in 2008.Results show that：（1） Soil temperature at different depths is the lowest between February and March each year and the highest between July and September.Annual temperature difference and minimum soil temperature decreased with the increase in soil depth.（2） The moisture of top soil is greatly affected by snowmelt in spring and rainfall,reaching its maximum value in the middle or last ten days of August.There is less impact of snowmelt in spring on the soil moisture between 20 and 40 cm from soil surface.The soil moisture content between 80 and 120 cm is quite stable and is not influenced by snowmelt in spring.（3） Air temperature at different heights in forest presents a declining trend from the middle of July to the last ten days of January next year and then increases continuously from the early of February to the early of July.Air temperature at 2 m height is a bit warmer than that at 10 and 24 m heights.The highest and lowest daily temperature peaks are observed at about 14：30 and 6：30,respectively.（4） Air humidity in forest is lower between April and June and higher between June and October.The maximum and minimum relative humidity values are observed at about 22：00 and 11：30,respectively.The humidity variation at 10 or 24 m height is similar to that at 2 m height.

关 键 词：黑河流域 森林生态系统 土壤温度 土壤湿度 气温 大气相对湿度 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]