伯林两种自由观与当代民主形态  

Berlin's Two Kinds of Concepts on Liberty and the Form of Contemporary Democracy

作　　者：鲁品越[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学现代经济哲学研究中心

出　　处：《马克思主义研究》2012年第6期109-116,160,共8页Studies on Marxism

摘　　要：自由与权力的矛盾贯穿于社会运行过程中。伯林的"消极自由与积极自由"概念对此既有理论贡献,又因其立足于抽象人性论而成为新自由主义的哲学基础。从本质上说,这两种自由乃是人类在争取自由的实践中"能动性"与"受动性"矛盾所趋向的目标状态。资本网络支配的"竞争性委托-代理选举制"使这两种自由不能得到实质的实现。社会主义市场经济条件下的"有组织的民主协商-监督制"是在不对称的社会结构中实现"实质自由"的理性方式,其目标是充分发挥公民的"积极自由"的建设性作用,并由此形成法治系统维护每个人的"消极自由"。Contradiction between freedom and power is a basic issue of all society.Isaiah Berlin's 'Two concepts of liberty' based on the assumption of abstract human nature is an important contribution to this issue,and has been taken as the philosophical basis of Neo-liberalism.Fundamentally,these two kinds of liberty are nothing other than the ideal state of human practices in history to resolve the contradictions between passivity and activity in practices.They can not be truly achieved by the 'competitive system of delegational-representational election' dominated by the great power of capital networks in capitalist societies.The 'organized democratic consultation-supervision system' might be a rational way to achieve the'genuine freedom' in an asymmetric power structure.Its goal is to bring into full play the constructive role of citizens' 'active freedom',and thus formulating a legal system to maintain the 'passive freedom' of everyone.

关 键 词：积极自由 消极自由 竞争性民主 民主协商-监督制 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]