同种榕小蜂在木瓜榕两种地理型上的繁殖及传粉特征  

Reproductive and pollination characteristics of conspecific fig wasps in two geographic types of Ficus auriculata

作　　者：杨培[1] 李宗波[2] 彭艳琼[1] 杨大荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院热带森林生态学重点实验室,中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,昆明650223 [2]西南林业大学云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,昆明650224

出　　处：《生物多样性》2012年第4期437-442,共6页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30970403);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(31100279)

摘　　要：榕树与其传粉榕小蜂的共生关系常被认为是专一性的,但该系统中有些榕小蜂可在不同种榕树或者同种榕树的不同亚种、变种和地理型上产卵和传粉。探讨榕小蜂在不同寄主中的繁殖和传粉特征,有利于理解非专性榕蜂系统形成的过程及稳定机制。本研究中,作者分别对比分析了传粉榕小蜂Ceratosolen emarginatus在木瓜榕(Ficus auriculata)的两种地理型auriculata-form和oligodon-form上的产卵和传粉特征。结果显示,进蜂量为1,2,3只时,相同寄主上的榕小蜂后代和种子数量均随进蜂量的增加而增加,且平均单只繁殖雌蜂的后代及种子数量均无差异。这可能是由于进蜂量较低时,两寄主可被利用的繁殖资源较充足,榕小蜂间不存在干扰竞争,可最大化地利用雌花资源。另一方面,进蜂量相同时,同一寄主上产生的种子数量明显多于榕小蜂后代数量,说明榕树的繁殖利益更占优势。榕小蜂在auriculata-form上产生的后代总量和平均单只雌蜂后代数量与oligodon-form均无差异,但后者产生的种子数量明显多于前者,说明当繁殖资源充足时寄主不影响榕小蜂的繁殖,然而寄主差异影响种子产生,即auriculata-form和oligodon-form的繁殖能力已发生分化。Each Ficus species is generally pollinated by one host-specific fig wasp species, which completely depends on the fig tree for reproductive success. However, there are some exceptions in which more than one host species, subspecies, variety, or geographic type shares the same pollinator species. Studies of the reproduction and pollination traits of conspecific fig wasps in different hosts could provide an important understanding of the stabilizing mechanism of the non-specific fig–fig wasp mutualisms. This study investigated the reproduction and pollination traits of Ceratosolen emarginatus, the pollinator of Ficus auriculata in its different geographic types, auriculata-form and oligodon-form. We found a significant increase in the number of offspring and seeds as the number of foundresses increased. However, average numbers of offspring or seeds per foundress were not different in the same treatment. These results indicate that when there are fewer foundresses, interference competition is limited as to maximize available female flowers. Results also showed that irrespective of host differences, seeds were more numerous than offspring in the same treatment. This indicates that reproductive interests of figs dominate fig–wasp mutualisms, and also demonstrates that female flowers regulate the overall fig reproductive cycle. Finally, our results revealed that although the number of wasp offspring in different hosts was similar, there were more seeds in oligodon-form than in auriculata-form for equivalent foundress numbers. This suggests that the two forms may have differentiated in reproductive capacity, which implies that different host types do not affect the reproduction of fig wasps but control seed production in this species.

关 键 词：榕树 榕小蜂 繁殖 传粉 auriculata-form oligodon-form 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]