层次分析法与地理信息系统在农田土壤重金属污染评价中的应用  

Application of AHP and GIS in evaluation of agricultural soil heavy metals pollution

作　　者：陈峰[1] 蒋新[2] 唐访良[1] 卞永荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]杭州市环境监测中心站,浙江杭州310007 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2012年第7期6-8,14,共4页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.40621001);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(No.KB2005220)

摘　　要：以《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618—1995)二级标准作为评价标准,采用以改进层次分析法确定权重的加权平均法对南京市郊典型蔬菜地的土壤重金属污染状况进行了评价。结果表明,研究区土壤中Cu、Pb、Cr的单因子污染指数平均值均小于1,含量超标率均不超过10.32%,而Cd的单因子污染指数平均值达2.15,含量超标率为84.13%,急需对该区土壤和受体做进一步的Cd污染深入调查或风险评估;研究区土壤重金属综合污染指数平均值为1.28,属玷污水平;利用ArcGIS 8.3软件进行土壤重金属污染的空间分布特征分析结果表明,研究区各元素的污染程度为Cd>Pb>Cu>Cr,各元素的污染格局较为相似,城市化活动对土壤污染贡献较大;研究区有81.16%的土壤重金属污染级别为玷污,3.78%处于本底级,15.06%处于安全级。The heavy metals pollution in representative vegetable soils in the suburb of Nanjing was evaluated by weighted mean method. The weight of evaluation index was determined by improved analytic hierarchy process （AHP） with second level of soil environment quality standard （GB 15618-1995） as criterion. The results showed that the average single factor pollution index of Cu, Pb,Cr in study area was less than 1, their standard-exceeding rate was no more than 10.32 % ; the average single factor pollution index of Cd was 2.15, its standard-exceeding rate reached to 84.13%. So, further Cd pollution investigation or risk assessment should be done to the soil and receptor of study area. The integrated pollution index of soil heavy metals was 1.28, which means the soils in study area was slightly sullied. The space distribution of soil heavy metals pollution was analyzed by ArcGIS 8.3 ,it revealed that the polluting order of heavy metals was Cd〉 Pb〉Cu〉Cr, and their space distribution was similar. Urbanization activity was the biggest contribution to soil heavy metals pollution. 81.16% of soil in study area was stained by heavy metals,3.78% belonged to bottom level,and 15.06% was at safety level.

关 键 词：农田土壤 重金属污 染评价 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]