农民何以支持与参加中共革命？  

Why did Peasants Support and Participate in the Chinese Communist Revolution?

作　　者：李金铮[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院、中国社会史研究中心,天津300071

出　　处：《近代史研究》2012年第4期134-151,161,共18页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“中共革命与乡村社会:1937-1949年的华北根据地、解放区”(07BDJ008)阶段性成果

摘　　要：农民的支持与参加是中共革命胜利的主要保证,问题是如何解释农民的这一行为。学术界的解释与争论主要涉及四个方面:一是土地集中、家庭贫困与农民革命的关系,二是社会经济改革与农民革命的关系,三是民族主义与农民革命的关系,四是中共动员与农民革命的关系。以上说法都揭示了问题的一个主要方面,而且多是从自上而下的视角进行分析,缺乏农民自身的声音,尤其是缺乏对农民个体或群体感受的关怀。事实上,农民支持与参加革命的动机十分复杂,很难能用一条或几条理论概括。在农民支持或参加中共革命的行动中,土地分配、家庭贫困、社会经济改革以及民族主义在动员农民中究竟起了什么作用,仍需要做大量的农民个体与群体的实证研究。只有在此基础上,方可还原农民的革命动机,也才有利于中共革命胜利原因的解释。The support and participation of the peasants were the main guarantees that the CCP's revolutionary movement would succeed.The problem is how to explain the peasants' actions.Academic explanations and disputes have mainly covered four topics:(1) the relationship between land centralization,family poverty and the peasant revolution;(2) the relationship between social and economic reforms and the peasant revolution;(3) the relationship between nationalism and the peasant revolution;(4) the relationship between CCP mobilization and the peasant revolution.All of these views reveal the main aspects of the problem,but most of them conduct their analyses from the top down,lacking peasant voices,and lacking in particular attention to the feelings of individual peasants or groups of peasants.In fact,the motivations of peasants to support or participate in revolution were very complicated and it is difficult to summarize them with just one theory or even with several theories.When peasants took action to support or participate in the CCP revolution,what kinds of roles did land distribution,family poverty,social and economic reforms and nationalism exactly play in mobilizing them? This problem still needs a great deal of study on individual peasants and groups of peasants.Only on this basis can we recover the revolutionary motivations of peasants,and only that will help us to explain the reasons for the victory of the Chinese Communist revolution.

关 键 词：中共革命农民 动员 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]