开放式空气中CO_2浓度增高(FACE)对常规粳稻蛋白质和氨基酸含量的影响  

The Impact of Free Air CO 2 Enrichment(FACE)on Protein and Amino Acids Concentration of Conventional Japonica Rice

作　　者：周晓冬[1,2] 赖上坤[2] 周娟[2] 王云霞[2] 董桂春[2] 朱建国[3] 杨连新[2] 王余龙[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044 [2]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,江苏扬州225009 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2012年第7期1264-1270,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31171460);科技部国际合作与交流项目(2010DFA22770);江苏省高校自然科学重大基础研究项目(11KJA210003);江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室开放课题;江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

摘　　要：为了明确未来大气CO2浓度升高对水稻蛋白质营养品质的影响,2009年利用稻田开放式空气CO2浓度增高(FACE,FreeAirCO2 Enrichment)系统,以武运粳21、扬辐粳8号和武粳15为供试品种,研究大田生长期CO2浓度升高200μmol.mol-1对常规粳稻蛋白质营养品质的影响。结果表明:大气CO2浓度增加使所有供试品种精米蛋白质含量平均下降5.6%,使氨基酸、必需和非必需氨基酸总量平均分别下降7.6%、6.7%和7.9%,均达极显著水平。大气CO2浓度增加使供试品种精米必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量百分比显著增加,使非必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量百分比显著下降,但对精米中必需和非必需氨基酸的相对含量无显著影响。从氨基酸组分看,大气CO2浓度增加使供试品种精米中7种必需氨基酸和8种非必需氨基酸的含量均显著或极显著下降。CO2处理与品种对精米蛋白质含量、氨基酸总量、必需和非必需氨基酸总量以及部分氨基酸组分有一定的互作效应,武运粳21上述参数对高浓度CO2的响应大于扬辐粳8号或武粳15对应参数的响应。以上结果说明本世纪中叶大气中的CO2浓度将使粳稻蛋白质营养品质下降,不同品种下降幅度存在一定差异。Rice（ Oryza sativa L. ） is one of the most important crops in the world and the first staple food in Asia, providing nutrition to a large proportion of the world＇s population. Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration（[CO2] ） has numerious impacts on rice production. Compared with growth and grain yield, our understanding in the response of grain quality to elevated[CO2] is very limited. A field experiment was carried out using the FACE （Free Air CO2 Enrichment） system to evaluate the effects of elevated CO2 concentration on nutrient quality of three conventional japonica varieties, Wuyunjing 2l, Yangfujing 18 and Wujing 15 in 2009. Plants were grown at ambient or elevated（200 μmol.mol^-1 higher than ambient） CO2 concentrations. At maturity, the grains were harvested for protein and amino acids analysis. Elevated [CO2] decreased protein concentration in milled rice of all tested varieties by 5.6% on average. The contents of total amino acids, essentialamino acids and non-essential amino acids were declined under elevated[CO2] by 7.6%, 6.7% and 7.9%, respectively. The percentage of es- sential amino acids increased and that of the non-essential amino acids declined significantly, but relative concentrations of essential and non-essential amino acids did not show significant changes in response to elevated[CO2]. Concentrations of seven essential amino acids and eight non-essential amino acids were significantly decreased by elevated[CO2]. In general, the responses of Wuyunjing 21 to elevated[CO~] were significantly greater than that of Yangfujing 8 and Wujing 15. The above results suggested that the lower concentrations of rice protein and amino acids would be expected under the atmospheric environment in the middle of this century.

关 键 词：FACE(Free AIR CO2 Enrichment) 水稻 蛋白质 氨基酸 

分 类 号：X503.231[环境科学与工程—环境工程]