湖北省三峡库区农业面源污染解析  

Sources Analysis of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Hubei Province,China

作　　者：蔡金洲[1,2] 范先鹏[1] 黄敏[2] 刘冬碧[1] 甘小泽 王丽娜 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430074 [3]湖北省农业生态环境保护站,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2012年第7期1421-1430,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：全国污染源普查重大专项基金项目(WX-Z07-11);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)中国项目部项目(IPNI-Hubei38)

摘　　要：湖北省三峡库区农业面源污染物类型复杂,来源不明,底数不清,导致防控措施不力。采用综合调查法对4个库区县(区)2007年农业面源污染情况进行调查,运用排污系数法测算污染物负荷量,采用等标污染负荷法进行评价与源解析。结果显示,湖北省三峡库区2007年农业面源TN、TP和COD的排放/流失总量分别为2918.08、346.22、12461.10t.a-1;主要污染物是TN和TP,其等标污染负荷量分别为5836.16、3462.20m3.a-1,两者等标污染负荷比和为91.80%;库区内主要农业污染源是种植业和畜禽养殖业,其等标污染负荷比分别为56.08%和34.37%,而农村生活污染源只有7.99%;4个县(区)污染负荷的比重为夷陵区>巴东县>秭归县>兴山县。因此,针对湖北省三峡库区农业面源污染的控制策略:防控的污染物主要是TN和TP,防控的重点源为种植业和畜禽养殖业,防控的重点区域为夷陵区。With the progress of science and technology, point source pollution has been controlled gradually. Non-point source（NPS） pollu- tion, however, has become more and more serious. In the Three Gorges Reservoir Area（TGRA） of Hubei Province, the pollutants of agricul- tural NPS were very complex, as the sources, specific types and their quantity were not clear yet. So the recommendation on the prevention and control measures were not perfect. In this study, the authors investigated the agricultural NPS for four counties（districts） in TGRA in 2007 by comprehensive investigation method, calculated their pollutant load by pollution discharge coefficient method and made evaluation and sources analysis by equivalent pollution load method. The results showed that the total discharge or loss .amount of total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus（TP） and chemical oxygen demand（COD） of agricultural NSP pollution in the studied area in 2007 is 2 918 t.a^-1, 346 t. a^-1 and 12 461 t.a^-1 respectively. The main pollutants were TN and TP, with equivalent pollution load 5 836 m^3.a^-1 and 3 462 m^3. a^-1 respective- ly, and totally accounting for 91.80% of the equivalent total pollution load ratio. The pollution sources mainly come from planting and live- stock breeding, with the equivalent pollution load ratio 56.08% and 34.37%, respectively. In addition, the equivalent pollution load ratio of rural life pollution was up to 7.99%, it should not be neglected. The equivalent pollution load ratio in the four counties（ districts ） was ranked as Yiling District〉Badong County 〉Zigui County 〉Xingshan County. The authors suggest that the agricuhural NPS control strategy in the TGRA should be ： controlling the concentrations of main pollutants--TN and TP; controlling and preventing pollution from the key sources-- planting and livestock breeding; and controlling and preventing pollution in the key area--Yiling District.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 源解析 等标污染负荷法 排污系数法 综合调查法 三峡库区 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]