枯茗酸对辣椒疫霉病菌生长发育的影响  

Effects of Cuminic Acid on the Growth and Development of Phytophthora capsici Leonian

作　　者：冯俊涛[1] 韩立荣[1] 范瑞娟[1] 陈从珍[1] 张兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院/无公害农药研究服务中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2012年第13期2628-2635,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903052);国家科技重大专项863计划(2011AA10A202-1)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨孜然种子提取物枯茗酸对辣椒疫霉病菌生长发育的影响。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法、悬滴法和室内盆栽法测定枯茗酸对辣椒疫霉病菌的毒力;采用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察枯茗酸对辣椒疫霉病菌超微结构的影响;采用Calcofluor white染色法、苯酚-硫酸法等研究枯茗酸对辣椒疫霉病菌细胞壁主要组分的形成及分布、β-1,3-葡聚糖含量和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的影响。【结果】枯茗酸对辣椒疫霉病菌菌丝生长、游动孢子萌发有强烈的抑制作用,对辣椒疫霉病有良好的防效;扫描电镜观察发现枯茗酸处理使菌丝分枝增多、不规则膨大、生长点密集,孢子囊表面不规则凹陷,甚至塌陷,出现空腔;透射电镜观察发现经枯茗酸处理的菌丝细胞壁不规则加厚、颜色加深,线粒体肿胀,部分线粒体内嵴解体消失成为空腔,内质网、核糖体等小型细胞器解体;枯茗酸处理后,细胞壁主要组分的正常分布受到干扰,极性生长受到抑制,β-1,3-葡聚糖含量及β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性显著下降。【结论】枯茗酸对辣椒疫霉病菌生长发育有明显的抑制作用。[Objective] The objective of this study is to explore the activity ofcuminic acid against the growth of Phytophthora capsici. [Method] Agar plate tests, pendant-drop method and pot experiments were conducted to test the inhibitory effect on P. capsici in vitro and in vivo of cuminic acid. The ultrastructure ofP. capsici treated with cuminic acid was observed through scanning electron microscope （SEM） and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. And the distribution of the main components, β-l,3-glucan content and β-1,3-glucanase activity of the P. capsici cell wall exposed to cuminic acid were studied using Calcofluor white staining and phenol sulfuric acid method. [ Result] Cuminic acid displayed strong antifungal activity to P. capsici in vitro and in vivo, and the germination of zoospores was strongly inhibited. The observations with SEM revealed that the excessive branching mycelium occurred, the surface of hyphae was tumorous protuberance, irregular swelling and intensive growing point. The sporangiums were invaginated, and some of them even collapsed and formed shells. The observations with TEM showed that the hyphal cell wall became thickening irregularly and the color was deepened. The mitochondria swelled, crest in some of them had disappeared, some small organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomal were losing their structures. Moreover, the polar deposition of newly synthesized cell wall components in germinating cystospores was disturbed and the β-l,3-glucan content and β-l, 3-glucanase activity decreased significantly.

关 键 词：枯茗酸 辣椒疫霉病菌 生长发育 

分 类 号：S436.418[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]