经验方法研究下垫面变化对洪水的影响  

Impacts of altered basin landscape on floods using an empirical method

作　　者：李致家[1] 周赛[1] 姚玉梅[1] 戴健男[1] 张建中 胡春岐 姚成[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,南京210098 [2]海委科技咨询中心,天津300170 [3]河北省水文水资源勘测局,石家庄050031

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2012年第4期637-642,共6页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家博士点基金项目(20090094110005);半湿润半干旱流域用于水文预报的新一代降雨径流水文模型研究项目(41130639);洪水预报降雨径流分布式水文模型中新一代流域汇流模型及尺度规律研究项目(51179045)联合资助

摘　　要：1980s以来,人类活动对下垫面的影响加剧,研究下垫面变化对流域产汇流规律的影响具有重要意义.通过对海河流域中紫荆关、阜平两个流域分别用经验方法进行洪水模拟演算,并把洪水资料按照年代不同分时段,建立P+Pa～Rs相关关系图,分析流域下垫面变化对降雨径流相关关系的影响.建立产流量R与洪峰Qm之间的相关关系,通过统计比较不同年代的趋势线发现,在产流量相同情况下,1980s后的洪峰流量较1980s前有所减少,说明海河流域的调蓄作用有增强的趋势.同时建立流域下垫面条件改变后产流量与洪峰变化幅度的相关关系,发现流域产流量变化与洪峰变化呈正相关关系.Since 1980s, with the increasing impacts of human activities on the river basin landscape, it is significant to investigate the impact of landscape changes on the rainfall-runoff regime. This paper simulated the floods occurred in the Zijingguan and Fup- ing catchments of the Haihe Basin using an empirical method. The flood data were segmented by time for creating the P ＋ Pa -- Rs curve to analyse the influence of the altered catchment landscapes on surface flow regime. Based on the unit hydrograph method, the relationship between the runoff R and peak discharge Qm was established. The results show that by comparison of the trendlines in different time periods, with the same runoff volume, the peak discharge after 1980s is less than that before 1980s. It indicates that the water regulation function of Haihe Basin was enhanced. Based on the relationship between the changes of runoff and peak discharge induced by the altered basin landscapes, it is found that there is a positive correlation between them.

关 键 词：下垫面变化 经验方法 单位线 P+Pa^Rs曲线 海河流域 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]