瓦屋山2种山雀的生态位分化和共存  

Niche Separation and Coexistence of Two Species of Tits at Wawushan

作　　者：杨小农[1,2] 朱磊[1] 郝光[1,2] 温安祥[2] 孙悦华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [2]四川农业大学生命科学与理学学院,雅安625014

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2012年第4期11-18,共8页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30870305)

摘　　要：黑冠山雀(Parus rubidiventris)和煤山雀(P.ater)在瓦屋山同域分布,生态位相似,是潜在的竞争者。在垂直分布上,煤山雀的生态位宽度为5.237,显著高于黑冠山雀的2.792,而在水平分布和活动基质2个维度上,二者的生态位宽度值相当。尽管3个维度上2种山雀生态位重叠值均大于0.7,但是它们对3个维度上的资源利用分别存在不同的偏好和侧重。2种山雀的身体量度除了喙宽外均有极显著差异,这应该是2种山雀对环境适应的结果。这2种山雀在巢址选择上各项参数差异均不显著,表明适宜的洞巢可能是它们种间竞争的主要对象。2种山雀的种群数量可能与居留类型有关。空间生态位或食物生态位的分离及适宜的种群数量和比例是它们得以共存的几个重要因素。Being potential rivals, the two similar tits, Rufous-vented Tit （Parus rubidiventris） and Coal Tit （P. ater） are occurred in the same habitat at the plateau of Wawushan in Sichuan, China. During the breeding seasons of 2010 and 2011, we studied the mechanism of their niche separation and coexistence. For vertical distribution, the niche width of Coal Tit （5. 237） was significantly higher than that of Rufous-vented Tit （2. 792） , however, there was no significant difference for horizontal distribution and active matrix, with the total value of niche overlap over 0.7 in three dimensions. But the two species of tits showed preferences and focused on resource utilization of all these three dimensions. The parameters of most body＇ s measurements for these two tits are significantly different, except for the bill width, which might be the results from environmental adaptations. There was no significant difference for all the parameters of the nest-site selection of the two species, indicating that appropriate cavity nest sites might be their main competition factor. The population size of these two species may vary with their residence types. We suggest that the separation of spatial niche and food niche, appropriate population size and ratio might be the important factors for their coexistence.

关 键 词：黑冠山雀 煤山雀 生态位 竞争 共存 瓦屋山 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]