试论阎家岗遗址动物骨骼圈状堆积的性质  

Re-evaluating the Nature of Semicirclar Structures at the Yanjiagang Site

作　　者：魏屹[1,2] 陈胜前[3] 高星[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所人类演化实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]吉林大学边疆考古研究中心,长春130012

出　　处：《人类学学报》2012年第3期238-249,共12页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05130202);中国科学院知识创新工程方向项目(KZCX2-YW-Q1-04)

摘　　要：1983年和1984年黑龙江省哈尔滨阎家岗遗址发现了两处由动物骨骼围筑的圈状堆积,被发掘者定为旧石器时代晚期古营地遗址,引来不少争议。目前已有一些文章就其性质问题进行了详细的分析与讨论,反驳者认为该堆积是流水作用的产物。本文引入西方的民族考古学视角,运用已有的民族考古学资料进行类比,从居住址的选址位置、结构特征和骨骼组成几方面入手,探讨了其作为居址及狩猎掩蔽所的可能性,并将阎家岗遗址动物骨骼圈状堆积与国外旧石器时代居住址进行形态比较,发现二者共同点很少,由此质疑该圈状堆积人为作用形成的可能性。另外从其他自然形成机制出发因地制宜,对该遗迹现象的性质进行分析推测,认为该遗迹可能主要是循环的冻融作用和流水作用共同形成的堆积。Since the 1983-84 excavations, two semicircular structures identified by hundreds of animal bones were recovered at the Yanjiagang site, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. Based on the contents, excavators interpreted this site to be an Upper Paleolithic camp site. The nature of this semicircular structure has been debated, leading to the publication of several papers. According to previous studies, there are two points of view on the origin of such structures. One view, proposed by the former excavators, claims that these structures were artificial remains constructed intentionally by ancient hunter-gatherers; the other, argued by other scholars, suggests the nature of these structures to be fluvial deposits formed through natural agent. This paper presents an alternate hypothesis on the formation of these two structures. The paper starts from the ethnoarchaeological comparsion of dwelling sites of hunter- gatherers. Referring to the location, characteristics and the composition of animal bones in these dwelling sites, the authors believe that it is unreasonable to recognize the structures at Yanjiagang as dwelling huts. In comparison with other Upper Paleolithic dwelling sites, mostly in Europe, the authors found a few shared characteristics such as the composition of animal bones, hearth, post holes, and lithic materials. We discuss the possibility that these structures were used as hunting shelters, but a comparison with ethnoarchaeological data shows that other agents can be used to explain the accumulation of animal bones, for example, （i.e., carnivores such as wolves）. Note that nearly 12% of the marks on animal bones came from carnivores. This paper argues that a natural mechanism, i.e., a freeze-thaw process could have been a potential mover of artifacts, animal bones, and other sediments, which led to the formation of the semi-circular structure. This process is widely found in environments where the ground freezes annually to varied depths. The rate of earth movement is highly variable due in part to i

关 键 词：阎家岗遗址 圈状堆积 居住址 民族考古学 冻融作用 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]