苏联新经济政策时期城市住房管理体制转型初探  

Analysis on Transition of Urban Housing Management System during the Era of the Soviet New Economic Policy

作　　者：张丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2012年第3期126-143,共18页Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目<新经济政策时期的苏联社会>(项目批准号:11FSS001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：战时共产主义时期,受马克思主义理论和直接过渡思想的影响,苏维埃政府颁布了集中化的住房管理政策,试图迅速改善劳动群众的居住条件,一举解决住房危机。然而在实践中,因为国家无法独自挑起解决住房危机的重担,以及住房管理的责权关系不明确等原因,集中化住房管理体制既无法有效管理住房,也不能整治战争对住房事业造成的创伤和解决住房危机。到了新经济政策时期,为了继续解决住房短缺问题,苏维埃政府调整了住房管理政策,住房管理体制由国家集中管理向国家、集体和个人分散管理转型。分散化住房管理方式取得了积极成效,城市居民的居住条件得到了初步改善。During the period of war communism, influenced by Marxism and concept of direct transition, the Soviet government issued centralized housing management policies, trying to rapidly improve the living conditions of the working masses and solve the housing crisis. In practice, however, because the state alone can not afford the burden to solve the housing crisis and also due to drawbacks such as unclear responsibilities and rights in housing management, centralized housing management system neither can effectively manage housing, nor can remedy the trauma of war to the housing system or even solve the housing crisis. Until the era of new economic policy, in order to continue solving the housing shortage, the Soviet government adjusted its housing policies. The housing management system has transformed from state-centralized management to decentralized management respectively by the nation, the collective and individuals. The decentralized housing management system has achieved positive results and the living conditions of urban residents have been improved preliminarily.

关 键 词：住房管理体制 集中化 分散化 

分 类 号：K512.53[历史地理—历史学]