佛山市农田生态系统的生态损益  

Ecological benefit-loss analysis of agricultural ecosystem in Foshan City,China

作　　者：叶延琼 章家恩 秦钟 李逸勉 李韵 

机构地区：[1]农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室,广州510642 [2]广东省高等学校农业生态与农村环境重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第14期4593-4604,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：广东高校优秀青年创新人才培养计划项目(LYM09035);国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BADC6B007);广东省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(粤农[2009]380号);华南农业大学新学科扶持基金项目(2008X022)

摘　　要：农田生态系统是一类半自然半人工生态系统,既具有产品提供、生态缓冲与调节等正效益,也具有水资源消耗、温室气体排放、环境污染等负效益。根据生态系统服务的内涵,运用环境经济学的相关理论,建立了佛山市农田生态系统生态损益评价指标体系,并利用市场价值法、影子工程法、机会成本法、替代市场法等,定量评价了佛山市2000—2009年间农田生态系统服务的生态损益。结果表明,佛山市农田生态系统的生态价值由2000年的58.77×108元上升到2009年73.09×108元,10年间上升了14.32×108元。根据研究期间农田生态系统的生态价值分析,产品提供功能受人类技术和管理的影响较大,具有较高的提升潜力,是佛山市农田生态系统最主要的服务功能之一。产品提供价值占正效益价值比例由2000年的30.47%上升到2009年的61.15%,占净效益价值的比例则从2000年的36.86%上升到2009年的69.33%。可见,除产品提供价值外,佛山市农田生态系统的其他服务功能在逐渐削弱,需引起各部门的高度重视。全市正效益远大于其负效益,且正效益与负效益的差距在逐年扩大,正负效益价值之比由2000年的5.77∶1上升为2009年的8.48∶1。水资源消耗以及温室气体排放是佛山市农田生态系统最突出的生态问题,二者所产生的环境成本在2000年占总环境成本的82.79%,在2009年仍占78.40%。因此,有必要采取有效措施减少农田生产的灌溉用水或改变农田耕作制度以减少其负面影响。佛山市农田生态系统的生态损益研究表明,农田生态系统具有多种正、负生态效益,应该重视对农田生态系统各项生态效益价值的评估,从而实现快速城市化地区自然、经济、社会生态系统的持续发展。Evaluation of ecosystem service has been one of the hottest issues in the field of ecology and ecological economics since the publication of Costanza′s famous article in Nature in 1997.Agricultural ecosystem（farmland and orchard） is a semi-natural and semi-manipulated ecosystem,which not only provides people with grains,vegetables,and fiber,but also plays an important role in ecological buffers,regulation for gas regulation,soil and water conservation,and environmental decontamination.However,agricultural ecosystem also has negative effects on our environment,such as excessive water resource consumption,greenhouse gas emission,and environmental pollution caused by fertilizer and pesticide application.Agricultural ecosystem service has profound effects on the sustainable development of human society,and its study is one of the research frontiers in ecology.However,there are only a few research reports on the agricultural ecosystem services in China,especially in the rapid urbanized areas. This paper,based on the connotation of ecosystem service,developed an evaluation index system for assessing the agricultural ecosystem services value in Foshan City in Guangdong Province and quantified the positive benefits and negative benefits of agricultural ecosystem services in Foshan City during the period of 2000—2009,which locates in the Pearl River Delta（PRD）,one of the most powerful economic areas in China and covers 5 districts with Chancheng,Nanhai,Shunde,Sanshui and Gaoming.The results showed that the total service value of agricultural ecosystem in Foshan increased from $5.88×109 in 2000 to $7.31×109 in 2009 and a net increase of $1.43×109 was achieved during this decade.The products provision service,which was one of the most important services of agricultural ecosystem in Foshan,was significantly affected by technology and management and there is a potential for its further improvement in this region.The proportion of its products provision value to the positive benefits increased from 30.47% in 200

关 键 词：农田生态系统 生态损益 价值评估 佛山市 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]