南汇东滩湿地围垦水域内浮游动物群落结构的变化  

Variations of zooplankton's community structure in reclaimed waters of Nanhui east tidal flat of Shanghai,East China

作　　者：李强[1,2] 马长安 吕巍巍[1] 田伟[1] 余骥[1] 赵云龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062 [2]上海市水文总站,上海200232

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2012年第8期2287-2294,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2010BAK69B14);上海市科委重大项目(09DZ120010A;10DZ1200700);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903056)资助

摘　　要：2010年10月—2011年7月对南汇东滩围垦水域和坝外自然水域的浮游动物进行调查,研究了两水域内浮游动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种和生物多样性等生态学特征参数的季节变化,并初步探讨了围垦内外水域浮游动物群落的结构差异,及其与盐度、水温和人类活动等环境因子的关系.结果表明:围垦水域和坝外自然水域共检获浮游动物30种,其中围垦水域浮游动物24种,以轮虫的种类数最多;坝外自然水域浮游动物14种,其中桡足类占绝对优势.围垦水域浮游动物的年平均丰度明显高于坝外自然水域,年平均生物量则相反.围垦水域以角突臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫和广布中剑水蚤等淡水种为主要优势种,而坝外自然水域则以中华华哲水蚤、火腿许水蚤和虫肢歪水蚤等河口半咸水种为主要优势种,且两水域优势种均存在季节更替.坝外水域浮游动物Shannon多样性指数(H)值和Pielou均匀度指数(J)值均明显高于围垦水域,Margalef丰富度指数(d)值和单纯度指数(C)值低于围垦水域.群落聚类和MDS结果表明,围垦水域浮游动物的群落结构与坝外自然水域存在明显差异.围垦是引起被围水域浮游动物群落结构变化的主要原因,盐度、潮汐动力等是导致动物群落结构改变的主要环境因子.From October 2010 to July 2011,an investigation was conducted on the zooplankton communities in reclaimed and natural waters in Nanhui east tidal flat to study the seasonal variations of the zooplankton＇s species composition,abundance,biomass,dominant species,and biodiversity,aimed to explore the differences in the zooplankton＇s community structure within and outside the reclaimed waters and the relationships of the community structure with several indispensable environmental factors such as water salinity,water temperature,and human activities.A total of 30 zooplankton species were identified,among which,24 species were in reclaimed waters and dominated by rotifers,and 14 species were in natural waters and dominated by copepods.The average abundance of the zooplankton was obviously higher in reclaimed waters than in natural waters,but the average biomass was in adverse.The dominant species in reclaimed waters were freshwater species,such as Brachionus angularis,B.calyciflorus,and Mesocyclops leuckarti,while those in natural waters were brackish species,such as Sinocalanus sinensis,Schmackeria poplesia,and Tortanus vermiculus.Both in reclaimed and in natural waters,the dominant species had seasonal alternation.The Shannon index（H） and Pielou evenness index（J） of the zooplankton communities were higher in natural waters,but the Margalef species richness（d） and simplicity index（C） were higher in reclaimed waters.Cluster analysis and MDS evaluation indicated that there was an obvious difference in the community structure of zooplankton between reclaimed and natural waters.Reclamation could be the primary cause for the variations of the zooplankton＇s community structure in reclaimed waters,and environmental factors such as water salinity and tidal power also contributed to the variations.

关 键 词：浮游动物 群落结构 生物多样性 围垦 南汇东滩 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]