135例血源性病原体职业暴露调查  

Survey on 135 cases of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens

作　　者：唐艳琴[1] 宋秀婵[1] 卫肖云 陈润芳[1] 李柏坚[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东医学院附属石龙博爱医院,广东东莞523325 [2]东莞市茶山医院,广东东莞523382

出　　处：《中国感染控制杂志》2012年第3期196-198,201,共4页Chinese Journal of Infection Control

摘　　要：目的了解血源性病原体职业暴露发生状况,提出预防策略。方法对两所医院2008年1月—2010年12月间发生的135例血源性病原体职业暴露案例进行调查分析。结果职业暴露人群居前3位的依次为:护士54.81%,医生25.19%,工勤人员16.30%;暴露方式以锐器伤为主,占91.11%,常见于拔针及手术缝合时被刺伤;血源性病原体中,乙型肝炎病毒占20.18%,丙型肝炎病毒占2.63%,人免疫缺陷病毒占2.63%,梅毒螺旋体占6.14%。暴露者均及时进行了局部处理及预防性干预,经追踪检测无一例因此发生感染。结论加强职业安全防护教育,实施标准预防,规范操作行为,暴露后正确处理局部,及时上报并采取相应干预措施,能有效降低血源性病原体职业暴露感染风险。Objective To investigate the occurrence of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens, and put forward preventive measures. Methods 135 cases of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens among healthcare workers （HCWs） in two hospitals from January 2008 to December 2010 were investigated and analyzed. Results The top 3 exposure rates were observed among nurses （54. 81%）, doctors （25. 19%） and housekeeping staff （16. 30%） ; sharp injuries were the most common causes （91.11%）, which occurred frequently during needle-with- drawing and suturing; among bloodborne pathogens, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and Treponema pallidum accounted for 20. 18%, 2. 63%, 2. 63% and 6. 14% respectively. None of HCWs was infected after taking proper preventive measures following exposure. Conclusion Strengthening occupational safety education, carrying out standard prevention, standardizing manipulation, local treating for injured site correctly, and reporting the occurrence of injury timely following exposure can reduce the risk of occupational infection with bloodborne pathogens.

关 键 词：血传病原体 职业暴露 医务人员 标准预防 职业安全 

分 类 号：R136[医药卫生—劳动卫生]