2种替代植物对黄顶菊入侵土壤养分及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Two Kinds of Alternative Plants on Nutrient Content and Enzyme Activity of Soil Invaded by Flaveria bidentis

作　　者：刘红梅[1] 皇甫超河[1] 常瑞恒[1] 杨殿林[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部环境保护科研监测所/农业部转基因生物生态环境安全监督检验测试中心(天津)/中国农业科学院武清转基因生物农田生态系统影响野外科学观测试验站,天津300191

出　　处：《杂草科学》2012年第2期24-28,共5页Weed Science

基　　金：天津市科技支撑计划重点项目(编号:11ZCGYNC00300);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(编号:201103027)

摘　　要：在田间条件下,采用替代试验对比研究了2种一年生草本植物——灰绿藜、反枝苋与入侵我国华北地区的1种外来植物黄顶菊根区之间土壤养分和酶活性变化。结果表明:(1)黄顶菊单独种植根区土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和有机质含量均显著高于替代组合黄顶菊和灰绿藜混种、黄顶菊和反枝苋混种群落,显著高于单种灰绿藜、反枝苋。土壤磷素养分呈现与氮素养分含量相反的趋势,即单种本地替代植物——灰绿藜、反枝苋和混合替代处理高于单种黄顶菊,且差异显著。(2)黄顶菊单独种植根区土壤脲酶活性与黄顶菊和灰绿藜混种、黄顶菊和反枝苋混种群落无显著差异,但显著高于灰绿藜、反枝苋单种。黄顶菊单种根区土壤碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于灰绿藜、反枝苋单种和混合替代处理。各处理根区多酚氧化酶活性无显著变化。说明替代植物灰绿藜、反枝苋对土壤氮素力和土壤酶活性利用能力低于黄顶菊,而且在种间竞争中不能够抑制黄顶菊对土壤有效磷的活化,不利于实现对其替代控制。Under the field condition, the effects of two alternative annual herbs （ Chenopodium glaucum and Amaranthus retroflexus）, and an alien plant （Flaveria bidentis） invading North China on nutrient content and enzyme activity of the root surrounding soil were studied by comparable test. The results showed that： （ 1 ） The content of ammonium nitrogen, ni- trate nitrogen and organic matter of root surrounding soil individually planted with F. b/dent/s was significantly higher than that of mixed planting of F. bidentis and C. glaucum, or F. bidentis and A. retroflexus, or independent planting of C. glaucum and A. retroflexu. Phosphorus content presented a contrast trend to nitrogen content in the root surrounding soil, i.e. phosphorus content in Chenopodium glaucum, or Amaranthus retroflexus independent planting soil and in the mixed alternative planting soil were significantly higher than that of the Fhtver/a b/dent/s single planting soil. （2） Urease activity in the F. b/dent/s individual planting wouldn＇t be shown signifi- cant difference than that of F. b/dent/s and C. ghtucum or F. b/dent/s and A. retroflexus mixed planting soil,but would be sig- nificantly higher than that of Chenopodium glaucum, and Ama- ranthus retroflexus individual planting soil. The pbesphatase ac- tivity of soil individually planted with F. bidentis was signifi- cantly higher than that of soil individually planted with Chenopodium glaucum , and Amaranthus retroflexus , or the mixed alterna- tive planting treatment. There was no significant difference can be found concerning polyphenol oxidase activity in the root surrounding soil for each planting treatment. It indicated that the soil nitrogen and soil enzyme utilization capacity of the two alternative plants is lower than that of F. bidentis, and also the soil available phosphorus activation of F, bidentis during the interspecific competition can＇t be inhibited ,which seeme to be unavailable for them to instead of the alien invading plan.

关 键 词：黄顶菊 灰绿藜 反枝苋 替代控制 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]