武汉城市湿地景观格局时空结构演化及驱动机制研究  

Evolution of Wuhan Urban Wetlands Landscape Pattern and Its Driving Mechanism

作　　者：孔春芳[1] 王静[1] 张毅[2] 徐凯[1] 吴冲龙[1] 刘刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)计算机学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第4期119-128,共10页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金："863"计划重点资助项目(2008AA121602);教育部人文社科基金资助项目(12YJCZH094);生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(BGEG1014)

摘　　要：运用景观生态学的理论与方法,定量研究武汉城市湿地景观的特征、分布格局及变化过程,探索其时空演化特征与驱动机制。研究结果表明:①1987-2005年,武汉城市湿地总面积减少了137.50 km2,其中自然湿地面积减少了281.87 km2,相反,人工湿地面积增加了144.37 km2。②武汉城市湿地景观的多样性减小,均匀度降低,优势度增大,说明武汉城市湿地景观趋于同化。③水库坑塘湿地的破碎度最大,说明水库坑塘湿地受人类活动的影响最大。④河流湿地、湖泊湿地的质心向西南迁移,水库坑塘湿地的质心向东南迁移。⑤武汉气候的变暖与趋干、人口的快速增长、经济的快速发展以及快速城市化导致武汉城市湿地景观格局的变化。Urban wetlands play a significant role in the sustainable development of the urban eco-envi- ronment. The time-spatial evolution character and rules of the wetland landscape pattern in Wuhan were quantitatively analyzed using landscape ecological methodologies. The following results have been obtained： （1）The decrease in urban wetland area was 137.50 km2 and in natural wetland area was 281.87 km2 ; on the contrary, the increase in artificial wetland area was 144.37 km2. （2） Urban wetland landscape diversity decreased, evenness reduced, and dominance increased from 1987 to 2005. These changes reflect that urban wetland landscape types gradually tend to be assimilative. （3） The fragmentation of reservoir and pond wetlands was the largest, which indicated that the impact of human activities was the biggest for the reservoir and pond wetlands. （4） The centroids of river and lake wetlands moved southwest and the centroids of reservoir and pond wetlands moved southeast. （5） The increasing warm and dry climate, the rapid population growth, and the rapid economic development as well as the rapid urbanization are major reasons for the structural changes in urban wetland landscape pattern from 1987 to 2005.

关 键 词：城市湿地 动态演化 遥感 地理信息系统 驱动机制 景观生态学 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]