超标准洪水条件下土石坝防洪及抢护技术综述  

Review of Flood Control and Rescue Technology on Earth Dam Under the Flood Exceeding the Designed Level

作　　者：刘火箭[1,2] 王晓刚[1] 李云[1,3] 宣国祥[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098 [3]河海大学南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《人民黄河》2012年第7期10-16,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项(201001033);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC14B00)

摘　　要：对超标准洪水条件下土石坝安全问题的研究成果进行了回顾和总结,认为:①超标准洪水条件下土石坝的稳定性研究尚处于起步阶段,缺乏能够快速判别遇超标准洪水条件下土石坝稳定性的方法;②目前国内外对土石坝溃决时间的预测精度很低,已有的溃坝时间预测经验公式所含的参数大多不超过两个,对下游安全预警的参考价值不大;③绝大多数溃坝时间公式含有已溃坝体溃口特征值,公式量纲不和谐,且没有区分溃口初始形成阶段与溃口快速发展阶段,难以为土坝漫顶抢护时机的把握提供可靠技术支持;④先前的抢护技术研究主要集中在土坝漫顶前或溃口形成后,缺乏对"漫顶后溃口形成前"这一重要阶段抢护方法的专门研究;⑤我国对"过水土坝"的研究相对滞后。建议:①后期研究应着眼于提出相对准确、简便、快捷的超标准洪水条件下土石坝稳定性判定方法,以期为防洪决策提供技术支持;②开展"漫顶后大溃口形成前"这一阶段的抢护技术研究,改变以往护坡措施的盲目性;③加强不同护坡材料、不同护坡实施方案的研究。Reviewed and summarized the research results of the earth-rock dam safety issues under the condition of the flood exceeding the designed level,the results show that： ①The research of dam stability under the condition of the flood exceeding the designed level are still at the starting stage,and lack methods to quickly distinguish the dam＇s stability in the case of the flood exceeding the designed level;②At present,prediction accuracy of dam breach time is low,and the parameters contained in existing prediction empirical formulas of dam breach time are mostly no more than two,so they have litter reference value for the downstream safety early warning;③The vast majority formulas of dam breach time contain the existing dam breach eigenvalue,and the dimension is disharmonious.What is more,they have not distinguish the initial formation of dam breach stage and the rapid development of dam breach stage,so it is difficult to provide a reliable technology support to the earth dam rescue technology;④Previous research of protection technique mainly focuses on the phase of＂before dam overtopping＂or＂after dam breaching＂,and lack the research at the phase of dam breach;⑤The research of overflow earth-rock dam is lagging behind.The paper suggests that： ①Later stage study should put forward to a relatively accurate,simple,fast super-standard way on the dam stability under the conditions of the flood exceeding the designed level,providing technical support for the flood control decision-making;②The research of dam protection technical at the phase between the phase of＂before the overtopping＂and＂after dam breaching＂shoud be carried out,avoiding the blindness of slope protection measures;③It is important to strengthen the study on slope protection materials and slope protection implementation plan for different slops.

关 键 词：防洪 超标准洪水 抢护技术 土石坝 

分 类 号：TV641[水利工程—水利水电工程]