施氮量对烤烟叶片组织结构和细胞发育的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Tissue Structure and Cell Development of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：智磊[1] 罗定棋[2] 熊莹[1] 张永辉[2] 雷晓[2] 时向东 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地,郑州市文化路95号450002 [2]四川省烟草公司泸州市公司

出　　处：《烟草科技》2012年第7期81-85,共5页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：四川省烟草专卖局资助项目"泸州优质特色烟叶开发"

摘　　要：采用大田试验,利用石蜡法和电镜化学的方法,对不同施氮水平下烤烟叶片的组织结构和细胞发育进行了研究。结果表明:①氮素缺失会阻碍烤烟叶片栅栏细胞的伸长生长和细胞间腔隙扩展,导致叶片栅栏细胞密度较高,栅栏组织厚/海绵组织厚和栅栏组织厚/叶厚的比值均较小,烟叶发育缓慢,组织较薄;②氮素对叶片的叶绿体发育具有促进作用,而叶绿体中有大量的淀粉粒和嗜锇颗粒等产物积累,但氮素供给过高也会导致烤烟叶片细胞发育推迟,持续时间较长,在烤烟生育后期仍然具有较强的光合产物积累,不利于叶片细胞内叶绿体内含物的降解,田间表现为贪青、成熟期推迟,影响烟叶内在质量。The tissue structure and cell development of flue-cured tobacco leaves were studied in field at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application with paraffin method and electron microscopic chemical method. The results showed that： 1）nitrogen deficiency would hinder the elongation of palisade cells and expansion of lacunae, which resulted in a higher palisade cell density and smaller ratios of palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness as well as to leaf thickness, the leaf developed slowly, its tissue became thinner;2）nitrogen had a function of promoting the development of chlorophyll,where a large amount of starch grains and osmiophilic globules accumulated. However, over-supplying of nitrogen would delay and extend the development of leaf cells. As a result, at later growth stage, the accumulation of photosynthesis products remained at a higher level, which was not beneficial to the degradation of chlorophyll inclusions in leaf cell, persistent-green postponed the mature of leaf and deteriorated leaf quality.

关 键 词：烤烟 氮素 组织结构 细胞发育 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]