极限温度对绿豆象及绿豆种子的影响  

Effect of Extreme Temperatures on the Control of Azuki Bean Beetle,Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and Quality of Mungbean Seed

作　　者：仲建锋[1] 万正煌[1] 李莉[1] 陈宏伟[1] 伍广洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/粮食作物种质创新与遗传改良湖北省重点实验室,武汉430064

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2012年第13期2719-2722,2727,共5页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助项目(CARS-09);湖北省自然科学基金重点项目(2010CB01101);湖北省科技基础条件平台项目(2010-001-002);湖北省农业科学院青年科学基金项目(2011NKYJJ03);湖北省农业科技创新中心资助项目(2007-620-001-03)

摘　　要：对绿豆[Vigna radiata(L.)Wilczek]储藏期间害虫绿豆象(Callosobruchus chinensis L.)各虫态对极限温度的耐受性进行了观察。结果表明,蛹和幼虫耐极限高、低温的能力均大于成虫和卵;蛹是绿豆象最耐低温的虫态,-5℃时完全杀灭蛹需要256 h,-10℃时完全杀灭卵、幼虫、蛹均需32 h,而杀灭成虫仅需8 h,-20℃防治所需时间较短,4 h即可完全防治绿豆象;蛹也是绿豆象最耐高温的虫态;45℃处理下完全杀灭需要32 h,而50℃防治见效较快,4 h即可完全防治绿豆象;极限高温处理对绿豆种子生命力和萌发率均无显著影响。利用极限温度可有效防治绿豆象且对绿豆种子无影响,在保证食品安全、促进绿色储粮等方面有重要的应用价值。Azuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. （Coleoptera： Bruchidae） is the most serious pest in stored mung- bean [.Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek]. The application of chemical pesticides on grain storage over the years has led to a num- ber of problems, including the development of insecticide resistance in pests and grain contamination. Extreme temperature may provide potential alternative for the control of this insect in storage. So the temperature tolerance of this pest at different stages was tested in stored mungbean. Both the cold tolerance and heat tolerance of pupa and larva were stronger than adult and egg. Pupa was the best low temperature tolerant stage. All stages revealed 100% mortality after 256 h of treatment at -5 %. At -10 ℃,all eggs, larvae and pupae were 100% mortality within 32 h, and adults with in 8 h. All stages had 100% mor- tality within 4 h if treated at -20 ℃. Pupa was the best high temperature tolerant stage. All stages showed 100% mortality af- ter 32 h at 45 ℃. At 50 ℃, 100% mortality was achieved, only in 4 h. Moreover, extreme temperature had no significant ef- fect on the vitality rate and germination rate of mungbean seeds. Controlling insects with extreme temperature was effective and didn＇t impair the quality of mungbean seeds, thus had important application value on food safety and green grain storage.

关 键 词：极限温度 绿豆象(Callosobruchus CHINENSIS L.) 种子生命力 种子萌发率 

分 类 号：S435.22[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] Q965[农业科学—植物保护]