载波侦听/冲突检测机制应用于低压电力线载波通信的适应性分析  

Adaptability Analysis on Application of CSMA/CD in Low-Voltage Power Line Carrier Communication System

作　　者：殷树刚[1] 张成文 田海亭[3] 王文强 

机构地区：[1]中国电力科学研究院,北京市海淀区100192 [2]大连供电公司,辽宁省大连市116001 [3]华北电网有限公司,北京市宣武区100053 [4]荣成市电业总公司,山东省荣成市264300

出　　处：《电网技术》2012年第8期233-238,共6页Power System Technology

基　　金：国家863高技术基金项目(2011AA05A116)~~

摘　　要：目前低压电力线载波通信的自组网方案普遍采用载波侦听/冲突检测(carrier sense multiple access/collision detect,CSMA/CD)机制实现电能表号的自动上报,但是实际应用中却出现多起载波通信导致漏电保护器动作的现象。针对此问题,通过对大地耦合电容的测试以及对漏电保护器工作机理的分析,发现高频电力线载波信号在强度高于一定阈值时可能会引起漏电保护器动作,其根本原因在于:采用CSMA/CD机制的自组网技术应用于低压电力线载波通信网络时,由于无法控制并发的载波模块数量,也就无法控制高频电力线载波信号的强度,从而可能造成用户的漏电保护器动作。因此得出结论:1)低压电力线载波通信系统不适合采用CSMA/CD机制,从路由的有效性、通信的经济性、产品的稳定性等方面综合考虑,建议采用集中控制路由技术;2)用电信息采集系统的建设中,可以选择用户数据档案下发的装载方式来规避采用CSMA/CD机制可能带来的风险。At present the automatic report of the serial numbers of watt-hour meters is implemented by cartier sense multiple access/collision detect （CSMA/CD） mechanism that is widely applied in the ad hoc network schemes for low-voltage power line carrier communication, however a lot of leakage protectors act due to the cartier communication. In allusion to it, through the measurement of earth coupling capacitance and the analysis on working mechanism of leakage protector, it is found that the leakage protector may act while the intensity of high-frequency power line carrier signal exceeds a certain threshold value, and the root cause of such a phenomenon lies in that when the ad hoc network technology, which utilizes CSMA/CD mechanism, is applied to low-voltage power line carrier communication, because the number of concurrent carrier modules cannot be controlled, so the intensity of high-frequency power line carrier signal cannot be controlled as well and it leads to the action of leakage protector at user side. Following suggestions are proposed： the CSMA/CD mechanism is not suitable to low-voltage power line carrier communication system, and synthetically considering the effectiveness of the routing, economy of communication and stability of products, it is recommended to adopt central-controlled routing technology; in the construction of power consumption information collection system the risk possibly brought by CSMA/CD mechanism can be evaded by choosing the loading mode of issuing customer data achieves downwards.

关 键 词：电力线载波通信 载波侦听/冲突检测机制 适应性分析 

分 类 号：TM732[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]