秸秆还田对土壤氮素养分及微生物量氮动态变化的影响  

Effect of Straw Returning on the Dynamic of Nitrogen Nutrient and Soil Microbial Biomass Nitrogen

作　　者：王磊[1] 陶少强[1] 夏强[1] 朱林[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《土壤通报》2012年第4期810-814,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89B10);安徽省自然科学基金(090411026);安徽农业大学资助引进与稳定人才科研项目(wd2008-11)共同资助

摘　　要：通过定位试验研究玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田及小麦秸秆旋耕施肥播种同步完成的前提下,秸秆还田循环利用对小麦玉米两熟制土壤氮素养分及土壤微生物量氮的动态变化。结果表明小麦、玉米秸秆还田能满足小麦旺盛生长阶段拔节期对氮素养分的需求,秸秆还田处理或施肥处理的土壤全氮量总体上在小麦拔节期处于最低值,而既无秸秆还田又没有施肥的对照处理土壤全氮含量最低值出现的时期延后,在小麦开花期出现,持续至小麦的灌浆期。对于麦玉秸秆还田但不施氮磷钾肥而言,小麦生长后期(小麦开花期以后)土壤脱氮比较严重。秸秆还田后土壤碱解氮含量在小麦整个生长发育时期呈现上升的趋势。单独施肥或秸秆还田对提高土壤微生物量氮均有一定的作用,但是仅仅施肥其后效不足。秸秆还田并且施肥显著地促进了土壤微生物的活动,能持续地增加土壤微生物量氮含量。The located trails were conducted to soil microbial biomass nitrogen under maize study the effects of straw returning on dynamic of nitrogen nutrient and straw full smash returning and wheat straw rotary tillage returning combined with synchronal fertilization application. The results showed that the wheat and maize straw returning could fulfill the requirement of nitrogen nutrient at the stage of wheat jointing. The total nitrogen of soil in all treatments of straw returning or fertilization application was at minimum at the stage of jointing during wheat growth. However, the minimum value of the soil total nitrogen was arisen at the booting stage, continuing to the filling stage. As to the treatments of the wheat and maize straw returning but no fertilization application, the soil nitrogen was seriously deficient during late phase of wheat growth. The content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen took on trend of ascending during the growth of wheat after straw returning. Only fertilization application or straw returning could build up soil microbial biomass nitrogen in some degree, but their aftereffects were deficient. Straw returning and fertilization application facilitated remarkably soil microbe activity biomass nitrogen. and could increase continually the content of soil microbial biomass nitrogen.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 土壤氮素养分 微生物量氮 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]