不同覆砂厚度对土壤水盐运移影响的实验研究  

Research on the Effects of Sandy Mulching Thickness on Soil Salt and Water Movement

作　　者：张瑞喜[1] 褚贵新[1] 宋日权[1] 李泽剑[1] 杨劲松[2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《土壤通报》2012年第4期849-853,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项(200903001-04)资助

摘　　要：采用室内土柱模拟试验,研究了不同覆砂厚度条件下土壤潜水蒸发及蒸发后盐分(EC)分布特征,并就覆砂厚度对土壤水盐运移的影响进行了分析。结果表明:覆砂厚度对潜水蒸发的抑制率有显著效果,且抑制率随覆砂厚度的增加而升高,如当覆砂厚度1.7 cm时抑制率达到83%,当覆砂增加到3.6 cm和5.7 cm时,抑制率分别为95%和97%;土壤表层覆砂具有显著的抑盐效应,通过覆砂明显的减轻了土壤盐分向上运移和表聚,如当覆砂厚度1.7 cm时,表层盐分抑制率达到83%,当覆砂厚度为3.6 cm与5.7 cm时,盐分抑制率则分别上升到96%和97%。本试验表明,土壤表层覆砂是一种防止土壤水分蒸发,提高土壤保水能力和抑制土壤盐分表聚的有效方法,覆砂厚度达到3.6 cm是一种在新疆北疆绿洲合理覆砂厚度。Using sand mulch on the top layer of soil is one of a very conventional way to improve soil texture in clay soil in agriculture. At present research, a simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different sand mulching rates on soil salt and water movement. The soil cylinder incubation experiment was set up including 0 （Control）, 1.7, 3.6, 5.7 cm of sandy mulching thickness, respectively. Sand mulch exerted a significant effect on preventing soil water evaporation. A close negative relationship between sandy mulching thickness and inhibition rate of soil phreatic water evaporation was obtained. Soil water evaporation decreased obviously with increasing sandy mulching thickness, for instance, soil evaporation inhibition rate was 83% with sand thickness of 1.5 cm, and increased by 95% and 97% with sand thicknesses enhanced up to 3.6 and 5.7 cm, respectively. Moreover, an obvious soil salt inhibition effect was observed under the sandy mulching treatment, and soil salt movement from deep layers to top layer and salt accumulation in top soil layer significantly decreased by means of soil mulched with sand treatment. Compared with control treatment, soil salt inhibition rate of 83% was gained under the sandy mulching thickness of 1.7 cm, and increased by 96% and 97% with the sandy mulching thickness of 3.6 and 5.7 cm, respectively. In brief, the sandy mulching thickness of 3.6 cm is a reasonable level to constrain soil water evaporation as well as prevent soil salt accumulation in top-surface soil in northern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：表层覆砂 蒸发 土壤水分 土壤盐分 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]