高等植物线粒体基因组进化分析  

Evolutionary Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes in Higher Plants

作　　者：雷彬彬[1] 李双双[1] 刘国政[1] 王玉美[2] 苏爱国[1] 华金平[1] 

机构地区：[1]1中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院/杂种优势研究与利用教育部重点实验室/作物遗传改良北京市重点实验室,北京100193 [2]湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所,武汉430064

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2012年第4期490-500,共11页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：NSFC项目(31171591);教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”项目(NCET-06-0106);国家高技术研究发展计划863计划项目(2007AA10Z125,2011AA10A102)共同资助

摘　　要：线粒体是进行呼吸代谢、为生命活动提供能量的细胞器;其基因组相对独立于核基因组,表现为半自主遗传特性。植物线粒体基因组较大,基因组重排、重复序列重组,以及基因获得/缺失/转移/重复等频繁发生,很大程度影响其基因的正常功能行使;同时,也增加了研究其基因功能及其基因组进化的难度。新一代测序技术降低了测序成本,数据库中测序基因组数据激增。其中,也包括大量已获得的植物细胞器——线粒体和叶绿体的基因组序列。本文使用公用数据库的线粒体基因组序列,通过对高等植物线粒体DNA序列、结构、功能基因丢失/迁入、DNA片段水平转移、重复序列及RNA编辑等方面比较分析,试图从某些侧面揭示植物线粒体基因组复杂的进化特征与过程,为解析植物线粒体基因组的进化、探讨细胞质雄性不育机制提供新证据。Mitochondrion is an important organdie which supply energy for the metabolism processes in cell through respiration. The plant mitoehondrial genomes are relatively independent from cell nuclear genomes in that they possess semiautonomous heritable characteristics, such as large variation in genome sizes, complex structure, frequent intra-genomic rearrangement, exogenous DNA immigration, and highly variable levels of RNA editing. These characteristics play an important role in affecting the normal gene function of plant mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） and make it more difficult to study the function of genes and the evolution of plant mitochondrial genomes. With the development of the next-generation sequencing technologies, number of genome sequences of plant organelles published in Database rapidly increased. Using the sequences of mitochondrial genomes in public database, the genome sequences, structure, gene loss, horizontal DNA transfer, repeat sequences and RNA editing of higher plant mitochondrial genomes （mitogenomes） were compared to analyze the complexity of evolutionary process in plant mitochondrial genomes, to further provide evidences and proofs for evolutionary characters, and to evaluate the mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） in higher plants.

关 键 词：高等植物 线粒体基因组 进化特征 细胞质雄性不育 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学] S188[农业科学—农业基础科学]