天山山区及周边地区水汽含量的计算与特征分析  

Computation and Analysis of Water Vapor Content in the Tianshan Mountains and Peripheral Regions,China

作　　者：姚俊强[1,2] 杨青[1] 黄俊利[1,2] 赵玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2012年第4期567-573,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(2010CB951001);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF-09-20);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(200821176)共同资助

摘　　要：利用1976-2009年天山山区周边伊宁、库车和乌鲁木齐3个探空站实测资料,计算逐月平均水汽含量,并建立了与地面水汽压的关系式;利用这个关系式计算了天山山区及周边地区1961-2009年44个站水汽含量,分析了水汽的时空分布特征及其与降水量的关系。结果表明:①天山山区及周边地区水汽含量有3个高值区,主要分布在天山北麓的河谷平原地带和吐鲁番盆地,水汽含量在12～21 mm;南天山及东部的阿克苏地区、库尔勒地区和东天山南部的哈密地区是水汽含量的次高值区,水汽含量在5～13 mm;而中天山和东天山是水汽的低值中心,水汽含量在4～8 mm。②水汽含量的月际变化呈单峰型,夏季最大,冬季最小,季节变化非常明显;其中2-7月为增长期,3月增长率最大,7月最小,增长率分别为65.8%和17.6%,而8月到次年1月为递减期,12月减少率最大,8月最小,分别为38.5%和7.8%。天山山区内部月均水汽(7.83 mm)低于全区平均水平(10.51 mm),其中西天山月均和夏季水汽含量均最高,分别为9.88 mm和18.94 mm。③49 a间水汽含量年代际变化较小,1986年以后变化波动大且上升趋势明显。④水汽和降水量并不具有很好的对应关系,而呈现区域差异。The values of monthly mean water vapor content were computed using meteorological data from 3 radio- sonde stations including Yining, Kuqa and Urumqi in the Tianshan Mountains and peripheral regions in Xinjiang, China during the period of 1976 -2009, and a formula involving monthly mean water vapor content and surface va- por pressure was developed. The values of water vapor content at 44 meteorological stations in the Tianshan Mountains and peripheral regions during the period of 1961 -2009 were computed and analyzed, the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of water vapor content and its relationship with precipitation was researched. Results are as follows： （1） There were three regions with high water vapor content in the Tianshan Mountains and peripheral regions, located in the valley plains in north piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains and Turpan Basin, and the water vapor content varied in a range of 12 -21 ram. South Tianshan Mountains and Aksu, Korla and Hami were the re- gions with second high water vapor content, and the water vapor content varied in a range of 5 - 13 ram. The cen- tral and east parts of the Tianshan Mountains were the regions with low water vapor content, and the water vapor content varied in a range of 4 - 8 mm ; （2） The variation curve of monthly water vapor content was unimodal, water vapor content was the highest in summer but lowest in winter, and the seasonal variation was significant. Water va- por content was increased during the period from February to July, its increase rate was the highest in March but the lowest in July, and the increase rates in these two months were 65.8% and 17.6% respectively. Water vapor content was decreased during the period from August to next January, its decrease rate was the highest in December but the lowest in August, and the decrease rates in these two months were 38.5% and 7.8% respectively. Monthly mean water vapor content in the Tianshan Mountains （7.83 ram） was lower than the average in whole Xinjiang （ 10.51 ram）, in

关 键 词：水汽含量 地面水汽压 时空分布 降水量 天山山系 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]