乌鲁木齐冬季大气中黑碳气溶胶污染特征  

Preliminary Study on Black Carbon Aerosol Pollution over Urumqi in Winter

作　　者：李帅[1] 郭志忠[1] 胡列群[1] 何清[2] 胥志德 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐气象卫星地面站,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]民航新疆管理局,新疆乌鲁木齐830016

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2012年第4期727-734,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：新疆气象局气象科学研究与技术开发项目(201110);公益性行业科研专项(GYHY201006012);公益性行业科研专项(GYHY201106025)联合资助

摘　　要：利用乌鲁木齐大气成分站观测的黑碳(BC)气溶胶质量浓度、主要污染物浓度以及相关气象资料,对该地区冬季BC类气溶胶的日变化、小时变化及影响因子进行分析。结果表明:乌鲁木齐冬季BC质量浓度平均为6.55μg/m3,日较差较大,与API、PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0、NOx的日变化具有较好的相关性;BC质量浓度的小时变化具有明显的双峰特征,这与机动车排放污染、居民活动和冬季采暖燃煤等相关联;BC质量浓度出现频率主要在2～9μg/m3,占所有观测的60%;乌鲁木齐冬季BC质量浓度明显高于国外某些城市,与国内同类大城市的观测结果比较,其浓度相对较低;冬季从北、西北方向过来的气团易造成BC高污染;风速大于1.0 m/s时,BC质量浓度开始下降,下降幅度接近50%,当风速超过2 m/s时,风速与BC质量浓度之间没有明显相关性;工作日BC质量浓度略高于周末,周末BC质量浓度曲线比工作日推迟1 h左右。The features of BC aerosol over Urumqi in winter were analyzed based on the related black carbon aerosol, concentration of air pollutants and meteorological data collected at Urumqi Atmospheric Environment Moni- toring Station. The results showed that the average daily BC concentration was 6.55 μg/m3 , the daily variation was significant, and there were the good correlations between the average daily BC concentration and API, PM10, PM2.5 and NOx. The hourly variation of BC was significantly bimodal, which was related to the direct emissions from mo- tor vehicles, human activities and heating with coal. The frequency of BC concentration occurred mainly in a range of 2 - 9μg/m3 , and its proportion was as high as 60% of all the observed values. Compared with other results, the BC level over Urumqi was higher than that in some foreign cities but relatively lower than that in most domestic cit- ies. High BC pollution was mainly caused by air mass from the north and northwest. BC concentration began to de- crease when wind speed was higher than 1.0 m/s, and the decrease could be close to 50%. There was no signifi- cant correlation between wind speed and BC concentration when wind speed was higher than 2.0 m/s. BC concen- tration in weekdays was higher than that in weekends.

关 键 词：冬季 大气污染 黑碳 气溶胶 乌鲁木齐 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]