施氮量对稻田旱作期硝酸盐渗漏损失和小麦产量的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer rates on nitrate leaching characteristics and wheat yield in paddy field in dry period

作　　者：倪雄伟 梁新强[2] 田光明[2] 黄锦法[1] 石艳平[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省嘉兴市农业经济局,浙江嘉兴314050 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2012年第4期670-675,共6页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(40901142);国家重大科技专项子课题(2008ZX07528005003)

摘　　要：本研究利用田间原位采样装置,量化稻田旱作麦季硝酸盐的淋溶强度和通量,探讨施氮量对小麦产量和硝酸盐淋溶的影响。结果表明,小麦产量与施肥量之间存在抛物线关系,过多施肥不能增加小麦产量,小麦最大产量为4.45 t.hm-2,对应施肥量为280 kg N.hm-2;土壤渗漏量变化趋势与降雨量变化趋势在两季中均表现出一致性,存在显著的线性正相关关系,近40%的雨水进入浅层地下水;氮肥施用过后5～7 d内硝酸盐渗漏风险较高,硝酸盐浓度随着施氮量的增加明显增加,硝酸盐渗漏水平在作物生长季之间由于降雨量和降雨间隔时间不同存在一定的差异;施氮量与硝酸盐渗漏通量之间存在着显著的线性关系,高施肥水平360 kg.hm-2下达到17.1 kg.hm-2,常规施肥水平180 kg.hm-2下为12.1 kg.hm-2,不施肥对照条件下为4.6kg.hm-2;本试验结果表明,95%最大产量保证率下的施肥量195 kg.hm-2可作为一个生态施肥量,进行地区性推广应用,在该施肥量下能获得19.9%的硝酸盐减少量。The effect of urea-N application rates on crop yield and nitrate （NO3-N） leaching were investigated during two winter-wheat growing seasons using undisturbed lysimeters in the Taihu Lake Basin of China. The results showed that there was a polynomial rather than a linear relationship between wheat yield and N rates, and the maximum wheat yield was 4. 62 x 103 kg.hm-2 at the N rate of 280 kg-hm-2. However, a significantly positive linear relation- ship was found between seasonal NO3-N leaching and N rates, and the seasonal NO3-N leaching mean values ranged from 4. 6 kg hm-2 NO3-N to 17. 1 kg hm-2 NO3-N in the five N treatments. It was recommended that the 195 kg hm-2 N rate was adopted as the optimum ecological application rate of N for wheat in this region, because at that rate, 95% of the maximum yield was ensured while 19.9% of leaching NO3-N reduced compared to that of the maxi- mum yield.

关 键 词：硝酸盐 渗漏 降雨量 施肥量 

分 类 号：S512.106[农业科学—作物学]