基于SNA的突发事件网络舆情关键节点识别——以“7·23动车事故”为例  

Analysis of the Key Nodes in Public Opinion Spread during Emergencies Based on Social Network Theory——A Case Study of the 7·23 Wenzhou High-speed Train Collision

作　　者：康伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学经济管理学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2012年第3期101-111,127-128,共11页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(71103047);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(G200919)

摘　　要：运用社会网络分析方法(SNA)研究突发事件舆情传播的网络结构特征及关键节点识别,探究舆情传播的网络结构、节点位置及相互关系对信息的传播路径、传播速度及传播范围的影响等问题。以2011年重大突发事件"7.23"动车事故为实证研究对象,运用Pajek软件生成了"7.23"信息传播网络拓扑图,基于邻接矩阵数据进行了网络密度、可达性、聚类系数和中心性测度,依据测度结果和位置角色分析对其进行关键节点分层与识别。研究表明,突发事件网络舆情的传播和扩散以社会网络结构为基础,具有复杂性和动态性特征;网络结构与节点位置决定着成员的"影响力"程度;中心关键节点的资源控制能力与信息输入输出效率具有显著的正相关性。可以通过改变中心度、聚类系数等手段嵌入式引导关键节点,减少谣言和恐慌情绪的传播。本文采用详实数据对舆情传播关键节点的分层识别,拓展了社会网络方法在应急管理领域的应用,克服了以往研究中技术与管理实践相分离的弊病。This paper aims to examine the social network structure in the process of public opinion spread in emergencies,and to explore the location of the nodes and their mutual relationship in the network and its influence on the path,speed and scope of information dissemination.This paper is an exploratory case study on the 7· 23 Wenzhou high-speed train collision in 2011.Pajek is explored to generate the topology of public opinion spread network in this emergency.The network density,accessibility,clustering coefficient,and the centrality are based on the adjacency matrix data,and the hierarchical identification of the key nodes is based on the measurement and analysis of the location of the nodes.The analysis reveals that the dissemination and diffusion of the public opinions during emergencies which is characterized by complexity and dynamic nature,is based on social network structure.The degree of 'influence' is determined by both the network structure and the location of the nodes.Central key node's ability in the resource control has a significant positive correlation with efficiency of information input and output.Key node can be guided by changing the centrality and clustering coefficient,thus the spread of rumors and panic can be under control.Expanding on social network analysis approach in emergency management,this study draws on abundant data to achieve the hierarchical identification of the key nodes,which is a renovate attempt in combining technology and practical management.

关 键 词：突发事件 网络舆情 社会网络分析:关键节点识别 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]