小麦胚乳A、B型淀粉粒发育特征及黏度特性  

Development and Viscosity Characteristics of A,B-type Starch Granule in Wheat Endosperm

作　　者：银永安[1,2] 李卫华[1] 齐军仓[1] 曹连莆[1] 陈林 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆天业(集团)有限公司,石河子832000

出　　处：《作物研究》2012年第4期337-343,共7页Crop Research

基　　金：国家"863"项目(2011AA100508);国家自然科学基金项目(30860145)

摘　　要：利用扫描电镜对4个小麦品种不同发育时期籽粒自然断面和分离提纯的A、B型淀粉粒进行观察,并采用黏度糊化仪对小麦面粉和成熟小麦胚乳A、B型淀粉粒分别进行黏度测定。电镜扫描结果显示,小麦授粉3 d有凝胶状物质产生于造粉体内壁,6 d可明显看到部分造粉体被淀粉粒充满,此时淀粉粒雏形已现,9 d淀粉粒体积增大,基本充满所有造粉体,12 d前观察到的均为A型淀粉粒,15 d有B型淀粉粒出现,18 d以后造粉体被完全破坏降解,只留存有A、B型淀粉粒和各自表面的结合蛋白。这说明12 d前是A型淀粉粒形成时期,后逐渐形成B型淀粉粒。黏度糊化测定结果表明,A、B型淀粉粒糊化后呈天蓝色,而面粉糊化后呈白色。其次,所测小麦样品糊化焓变和峰值黏度大小表现为B型淀粉粒>A型淀粉粒>小麦面粉。Four different wheat cultivars were selected to test some physico - chemical characteristics. The transverse sec- tion in different growth periods of grain and A - type, B - type starch granule isolated and purified from grain were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）. The viscosity characteristics of the flour and A -type, B - type starch granule were tested by the Viscosity Amylograph （Brabender, Germany）. The observation of SEM showed that some gelatinous substance grow out of the internal wall of the amyloplasts on 3 day after pollination （DAP）. Some of amyloplasts were filled with starch granule on 6 day and nearly each amyloplast was filled with bigger starch granule in 9 day. A - type starch granules were observed on 12 day uniquely, and B -type starch granules were observed on 15 day. The amyloplasts were degraded completely after 18 day, when A- type and B -type starch granule only left their surfactant protein. The results showed that A -type starch granule generate on 12 day, and after 12 day B -type starch gradually generate. Starch paste trial showed that the color both A - type and B - type starch paste were blue while the flour paste was white. Moreo- ver, the value of enthalpy change and starch peak viscosity showed that B - type starch granule 〉 A - type starch granule 〉 the flour.

关 键 词：小麦 胚乳 淀粉粒 粘度特性 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]