松嫩平原湖泊底泥重金属空间变异特征及其风险评价  

The Spatial Variability Characteristics and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals of Lake Sediments in the Songnen Plain

作　　者：于万辉[1] 王俊杰[1,2] 臧淑英[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学,黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150025 [2]黑龙江科技学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150027

出　　处：《地理科学》2012年第8期1000-1005,共6页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41030743);教育部博士点基金项目(20092329110001);黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(11553015);黑龙江省高等学校科技创新团队建设计划项目资助

摘　　要：利用地理信息系统和地统计分析技术分析了松嫩平原湖泊群湖泊底泥重金属的空间变异特征,并绘制了6种重金属的空间分异图,利用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对湖泊底泥重金属的污染现状和潜在生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,松嫩平原湖泊群底泥重金属含量除Mn低于土壤背景值外,其他元素均高于背景值2～4倍,并且重金属含量在空间上呈东北向西南方向逐渐降低,表现出较强的相关性;污染现状评价表明,Zn已处于中等以上的污染程度,其他重金属污染程度较低,而Mn无污染,污染程度的顺序为Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Sr>Mn;潜在生态风险评价表明,评价的重金属均处于低生态风险程度,单项重金属的风险程度顺序为Pb>Cu>Ni>Zn;综合污染评价与风险评价,Zn的污染程度虽然较大,但仍处于低风险程度。Geostatistics is useful for characterizing and mapping spatial variability of heavy metal. The geosta- tistics method combined with geographic information system （GIS） was applied to the spatial variability of heavy metal in lake sediments in the Songnen Plain, then drawing the map of heavy metals by Kriging method. The geo-accumulation index （Igeo） and the potential ecological risk index were applied for assessing the status of sediment heavy metal pollution and the extent of potential ecological risk. The results indicated that the con- tent of Mn（30.4-468 mg/kg） was lower than soil environmental background values of the Songnen Plain （484.96 mg/kg）, but other five heavy metals were higher than the background values. The mean contents of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and Sr in lake sediments were 29.09 mg/kg （soil environmental background value was 17.78 mg/kg）, 189.79 mg/kg （52.02 mg/kg）, 35.07 mg/kg （23.65 mg/kg）, 25.57 mg/kg （20.23 mg/kg）and 134.97 mg/ kg （113.76 mg/kg）. The spatial distribution map of heavy metal demonstrated that the distribution pattern of heavy mental in lake sediments was that the northeast region was hyper the southwest in the Songnen Plain, the contents of heavy mentals in the city of Daqing, Zhaoyuan, Anda, Qigihar, Dorbod and Nong＇ an were high- er than others areas. Igeo indicated that the pollution extent of heavy metals followed the order that Zn〉Cu〉Ni〉 Pb〉Sr〉Mn, Mn was non-pollution and the pollution of Zn had been above mid-level（1 〈I^oo^2）, but others were at low-level pollution （Igoo ~〈 1）. The single potential ecological risk of heavy metals indicated all elements were in low- level risk（ E~ 〈40）, the order was Pb〉Cu〉Ni〉Zn. Combined the geo-accumulation index with the potential ecological risk index, Zn was in mid-level pollution, but in low-level potential ecological risk. The re- sults showed that the Songnen Plain was affected by human activities.

关 键 词：地统计分析 空间变异 地累积指数 潜在风险 

分 类 号：P951[天文地球—自然地理学]