从高效到超载:中世纪英格兰巡回法庭的兴衰  

From High-Efficiency to Over-Load:the Rise and Fall of Eyres in Medieval England

作　　者：李云飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学历史系,副教授广州510632

出　　处：《世界历史》2012年第4期47-57,158-159,共11页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"中古英国庄园制度与乡村社会研究"(项目号:08CSS002)的资助

摘　　要：本文旨在深入考察中世纪英格兰巡回法庭的兴衰历程,分析其衰落的原因。巡回法庭形成于12世纪后期,至13世纪中期,总巡回的运作可谓高效。但是,此后巡回法官们被赋予越来越多的司法行政职能,最终使巡回法庭不堪重负,在1294年中止运行。后来王廷虽然组织过对个别郡的单独巡查,但总巡回未能成功复兴。单一因素无法解释巡回法庭的终结,职能多重扩张所引起的恶性循环才是根本原因。This article examines the rise and demise of Eyres in medieval England,and then proposes an interpretation for its demise.The eyres came into being in the end of the 12th century and went into efficient operation in the middle of the 13th century.However,as more and more legal and administrative duties were added to the responsibilities of itinerant justices,the eyres became increasingly overloaded and demised in 1294.After that,although the royal court had organized eyres in several individual shires,general eyre was unable to revive.Its demise cannot be explained by any single factor and the fundamental reason for its failure was the vicious circle caused by the multi-lateral expanding of duties.

关 键 词：中世纪 英格兰 巡回法庭 王权 普通法 

分 类 号：D956.1[政治法律—法学] DD916.2[历史地理—历史学] K561[历史地理—世界史]