濒危世界遗产的空间分布与时间演变特征研究  

Spatial Distribution and Temporal Evolvement of World Heritages in Danger

作　　者：潘运伟[1] 杨明[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京清华城市规划设计研究院旅游与风景区规划所,北京100085

出　　处：《地理与地理信息科学》2012年第4期88-93,110,共7页Geography and Geo-Information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"中国自然文化遗产地整合保护的空间网络理论方法研究"(50608043);国家自然科学基金项目"我国省域/区域遗产地体系规划的理论与实践研究"(51078215)

摘　　要：介绍濒危世界遗产概况及其空间分布特征和时间演变特征。研究发现:洲际濒危世界遗产的数量分布与其经济发展水平呈负相关,非洲的濒危世界遗产数量最多,且濒危率最大;濒危世界文化遗产主要集中在亚洲,濒危世界自然遗产主要分布在非洲。从纬向分布看,濒危世界遗产主要集中在低纬度地区和北半球中纬度地区;1978年以来濒危世界遗产的演变大致分为缓慢增长(1978-1991年)、快速增长(1992-2004年)、起伏调整(2005年至今)3个阶段。《濒危世界遗产名录》的类型结构相对平衡,世界文化遗产的濒危率(2.4%)数值较小且较稳定,世界自然遗产濒危率(6.9%)数值较大且波动较为明显。欧洲、北美洲、南美洲濒危世界遗产数量增减较小,而亚、非两大洲数量波动较大,也是20世纪90年代以来全球濒危世界遗产数量波动的主要原因。World heritage in danger means world heritage which is listed in World Heritage in Danger List.Analyzing the spatial distribution and temporal evolvement of world heritages in danger can provide important reference of managing and protecting world heritage.The results are obtained as follows：1） The correlativity between the intercontinental number of world heritages in danger and its level of economic development is negative.The number of world heritages in danger and the rate of endangered world heritage in Africa is lager than other places.2） Cultural world heritages in danger are mainly distributed in Asia and natural world heritages in danger are mainly distributed in Africa.3）World heritages in danger are mainly distributed in low-latitude area and mid-latitudes of northern hemisphere.4） The evolution characterization of world heritage in danger can be roughly divided into three phases since 1978 that slow growth phase（1978-1991）,rapid growth phase（1992-2004） and fluctuation phase（2005-）.5） The type structure of World Heritage in Danger List is relatively balanced,which means natural world heritage is more likely to be endangered.6） In contrast to natural world heritage,the endangered rate of cultural world heritage is stable and its value is lower,this phenomenon is possibly associated with that the natural world heritage is mainly endangered by human and the number of natural world heritage is relatively smaller than that of cultural world heritage.7） Compared to the small change of the number of world heritages in danger in Europe,North America and South America,it is different that there are obviously fluctuates for the number of world heritages in danger in Asia and Africa.It is concluded that the obvious fluctuation of the number of World Heritage in Danger List since 1990s is due to Asia and Africa.

关 键 词：濒危世界遗产 空间分布 时间演变 

分 类 号：F590.3[经济管理—旅游管理]