五号桩地区滩浅海高精度三维地震采集技术  

3D high-precision seismic acquisition techniques in Wuhaozhuang beach and shallow sea area

作　　者：邸志欣[1,2] 丁伟[2] 吕公河[3] 刘怀山[1] 段卫星[2] 刘斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,山东青岛266100 [2]中国石油化工集团公司胜利石油管理局地球物理勘探开发公司,山东东营257100 [3]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油物探技术研究院,江苏南京211103

出　　处：《石油物探》2012年第4期388-397,317,共10页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田物探采集实验室资金项目(GKW1201)资助

摘　　要：五号桩地区是胜利油田滩浅海油气勘探的重点老区,增储上产的潜力巨大,但以往地震资料中深层能量弱,信噪比较低,无法满足进一步精细构造解释和油藏描述要求。针对该区复杂的地表和地下特点及难点,基于复杂构造模型正演和叠前成像效果分析,设计论证了适合于该区滩浅海高精度地震采集的观测系统形式,确保了全区陆-滩-海资料的无缝连接采集;通过研究高效激发震源和采用以近地表岩性分层及建模为基础的激发技术,来提高滩涂区域的地震激发效果;通过研究与试验气枪阵列组合参数,优选激发子波特征好、能量强的最佳气枪组合方式和沉枪深度;采用板式长尾锥检波器耦合器,提高滩涂的地震波接收效果;在海上采用高精度检波器二次定位技术和措施,提高水中检波器的定位精度。通过联合应用以上技术方法,在五号桩地区获得了高品质的地震资料,对该资料进行了处理和解释,取得了明显的地质效果。Wuhaozhuang area is the key and old oil area of Shengli Oilfield for oil-gas exploration in beach and shallow sea.It has great potential on increase in oil reserve and production,but the energy in middle-deep layer of the existing seismic data is weak,and its signal-to-noise ratio is low,so it is hard to meet the requirements for further detailed structure interpretation and reservoir description.Aimed at the characteristics and difficulties of the complex surface and underground conditions,based on complex structure modeling and prestack imaging result analysis,we designed and proved high-precision geometries for seismic acquisition suitable for the beach and shallow sea in Wuhaozhuang area,which ensured seamless data acquisition in the land-beach-shallow-sea area.By studying high-efficient dynamite source and using the shooting techniques based on near-surface lithology layering and modeling,the shooting effect of intertidal zone was improved.By studying and testing air gun array parameters,we optimized airgun array mode and shooting depth with good wavelet characteristics and strong energy.The platelike long-tail cone geophone coupler was adopted to improve the seismic wave receiving effect in intertidal zone as well.Besides,the repositioning technology and counter measurements were utilized to improve the positioning accuracy of underwater hydrophone.By jointly using all the techniques and methods,we achieved high-quality seismic data and obvious geological effect in Wuhaozhuang area.

关 键 词：滩浅海 高精度 观测系统 激发 气枪 接收 二次定位 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]