危险度图方法在建筑工程消防性能化设计评估中的应用  

Fire risk mapping method for performance based building designs

作　　者：姚卫[1] 王婉娣[1] 张辉[1] 乔利锋 杨锐[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学工程物理系,公共安全研究院,北京100084 [2]联合技术研究中心(中国)有限公司,上海200120

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第7期885-890,共6页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(70833003);国家“九七三”重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB719700);中国博士后科学基金项目(023261011)

摘　　要：消防安全性评估是建筑工程消防性能化设计的重要步骤。为使消防安全性评估方法更具有科学性,该文将火场中多重危险因素如高温、毒气和缺氧等的综合效果定义成统一的危险度,并结合火场模拟直观地给出了火场危险度图。通过有机耦合危险度图和考虑低能见度影响的疏散模拟,经过大样本统计得到伤害概率分布、区域危险度和区域疏散时间等。结合示例建筑,从对危险度图的分析中优化了疏散路径,并对上述火灾危险指标比较分析验证了优化路径策略的有效性。该危险度图方法综合考虑了建筑火场中多重危险和人员疏散等性能化设计中涉及的多项复杂分散因素,在规范火灾危险指标和标准评估过程方面为建筑工程消防性能评估和设计提供了一套切实可行的思路和方法。Fire safety assessments are important for performance based designs. A risk ranking definition was developed to improve fire safety assessments that combined the effects of multiple risks, such as high temperatures, toxic gases and hypoxia in a building fire scenario. The risk map is then extracted from the fire field information. The risk map is then coupled with a visibility evacuation model to predict the damage probability distribution, zone risk and zone evacuation time based on large-scale statistics as fire risk indices to assess performance based building designs. An optimum evacuation solution for a sample building was designed based on the risk map and then assessed using the fire risk indices to validate the design strategy effectiveness. The results show that the risk mapping method combines various discrete factors such as the multiple risks in the building fire scenario and the evacuation process to provide a practical method to assess building designs in terms offire risk indices to standardize the assessment process.

关 键 词：建筑火灾 危险度图 火灾危险指标 区域危险度 建筑工程消防性能化设计 

分 类 号：TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]