西部贫困农村经济机会、关系型融资与农贷配给——基于对陕西、青海1138户调查数据  

Economic Opportunity,Relationship-based Financing and Credit Allocation in Underdeveloped Rural Areas in Western China——An Analysis based on the Investigative Data from 1 138 Rural Families in Shaanxi and Qinghai

作　　者：刘明[1] 韩晶晶[2] 戈伟伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院,陕西西安710062 [2]陕西师范大学金融研究所,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第4期102-112,共11页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(07BJY169);陕西省哲学社会科学项目(06D005Z);陕西师范大学211工程重点项目(200903)

摘　　要：依据在陕西、青海农村调研数据做实证观察,发现农村金融机构过高估计农村金融风险,对农村潜在经济机会估计不足。关系型融资在民间借贷与正规金融借贷中产生完全不同的效果,在前者降低了信贷风险,在后者却成为寻求金融租金的温床,本质差异在于两种金融机构的产权属性与激励兼容不同。与正规金融关系型融资联系,农村金融存在逆向选择问题,即贷款投放对象向有实力的基层干部或者农村富裕户集中,结果产生马太效应和加剧农村贫富两极分化。农贷市场中赖账者未必是真正的贫困农户,乡村干部置身其中搭便车、寻租责不可免。农户作为原生态信用载体是农村金融改革发展的重要社会基础,但是需要重新构造农村金融机构体系和金融市场从而形成农村信贷活动的"信誉触发机制",在西部农村地区亟须果断地放开民间组建金融机构,政府职责是因地制宜制定与执行规则。An empirical observation based on investigation data in rural Shaanxi and Qinghai finds that rural financial risk is overestimated while rural potential economic opportunity is underestimated.Relation-based financing makes different effects in private sector lending and regular bank loaning,the former reducing financial risk but the latter becoming a hotbed for seeking financial rent.The essential difference between them lies in difference between the two financial organs in property right and encouragement compatibility.In contrast to regular financing relation,rural financial lending shows a reverse choice.That is to say most loans tend to be offered to grassroots cadres and better-off families,which causes the Matthew Effect and worsens the polarization in wealth distribution in rural areas.In fact,deadbeats in rural loan market are not necessarily really poverty-stricken farmers,among whom are some grassroots cadres attempting to seek the chance of seeking financial rent.To better the current situation,rural financial organs and markets are to be re-shaped to develop a ＂credit-triggering mechanism＂ in rural loaning activity,especially in western rural areas where establishing private financial organs is to be encouraged.

关 键 词：农村金融 农户信用 关系型融资 农贷配给 民间金融 信誉触发机制 

分 类 号：F323.9[经济管理—产业经济]