企业火灾疏散人员行为及心理特征研究  

Research into Behavior and Psychological Characteristics of Evacuees from Enterprise on Fire

作　　者：杨立兵[1,2] 王亮[3] 陈建宏[1] 熊立春[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]荆州市烟草专卖局,湖北荆州434000 [3]中国建筑第二工程局有限公司西南分公司,重庆400020

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2012年第5期3-9,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(50774092);湖南省博士生科研创新项目(CX2010B123)

摘　　要：为研究生产经营企业火灾情况下人员疏散行为及心理特征,从环境因素、管理因素、人的因素3方面,现场调研182名员工。通过系统聚类分析,获得4个典型因素。根据卡方检验,建立疏散影响因素列联表。从不同企业、性别、年龄、文化程度4方面,分析火灾中个体疏散行为及心理特征。结果表明:火灾中人员的逃生意愿跟学历背景有明显关系,学历越高自我逃生的意愿越强。定期应急演练及日常安全学习,能够促进人员安全疏散。在帮助他人、逃离现场、采取控制措施等方面,女性与男性有明显区别。企业应在日常应急管理中,关注不同学历、性别人员的教育培训,以及应急器材使用和事故控制措施的演练,以提高员工应对火灾事故的能力和信心。In order to study behavior and psychological characteristics of evacuees from enterprise on fire, 182 employees were investigated in terms of environmental factors, management factors, and human factors. Four representative factors were identified by system clustering method. Then, Crosstabs of influ- encing factors were built on the basis of Chi-square test. The behavior and psychological characteristics of evacuees were analyzed in light of categories of enterprises, sex, age, and education background. It turned out to be that escape desire was connected with individual educational background, that is to say, high-degree individuals show much stronger escape desire. Periodic emergency drilling and daily safety learning contributed to safe evacuation. The differences in group assistance, escape desire and controlling fire accident were obvious among the female and the male.

关 键 词：火灾 问卷调查 行为 心理 疏散 聚类分析 列联表 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]