蒋介石与战时粮食统制  

Chiang Kai-shek and the Wartime Grain Control

作　　者：方勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学思政部,安徽马鞍山243032

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2012年第7期31-37,共7页History Teaching

基　　金：笔者主持的2012年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目<抗战时期国民政府物价管制政策研究>(项目批准号12YJC770013)阶段性成果

摘　　要：全面抗战爆发前后,蒋介石对粮食问题的重要性就有所认识。1 940年粮食危机出现后,蒋介石即深度介入粮食统制的基本政策与具体政策。他主导确立战时粮食统制政策,亲自推动田赋"三征"实行,为解决粮食问题发挥了应有的独特作用。将粮食统制作为实现孙中山民生主义"耕者有其田"的手段,是其政策设计的重要思路。蒋介石对战时粮食统制和粮价管制过程中的营私舞弊、负担不公与土地集中等弊端及其原因有着十分清楚的认识,却又无可奈何。这表明了蒋介石在确立与实行战时粮食统制政策过程中所处的深刻困境。In the early stage of the Anti-Japanese war, though preliminarily understanding the importance of food problem, Chiang Kai-shek did not pay close attention to food problem. But after the outbreak of grain crisis in 1940, Chiang Kai-shek highly emphasized on the wertime grain control and in person impelled the land-tax ＂San Zheng＂, he played a great role in essentially solving the wartime food problem. Chiang Kai-Shek＇s economic policies were heavily influenced by Sun Yat-sen＇s economic thought. ＂Land to the tiller＂ of the People＇s livelihoodism provided theoretical basis for the wartime grain control. But along with it came the drawbacks such as jobbery, inequity and land concentration, etc, which plunged Chiang Kai-shek into dilemma in the course of formulating and implementing the wartime food policy.

关 键 词：蒋介石 抗日战争 粮食统制 粮价管制 田赋“三征” 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学]